1. Valency determines an atom's tendency to either gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. It dictates the number of electrons involved in chemical bonding, whether through transfer (ionic bonds) or sharing (covalent bonds).

    Valency determines an atom’s tendency to either gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. It dictates the number of electrons involved in chemical bonding, whether through transfer (ionic bonds) or sharing (covalent bonds).

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  2. The valency of an element is determined by the number of electrons in its outermost shell. It reflects the element's ability to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

    The valency of an element is determined by the number of electrons in its outermost shell. It reflects the element’s ability to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

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  3. The scattering experiments conducted by Ernest Rutherford, particularly the gold foil experiment, revealed that some alpha particles deflected at large angles, indicating a concentrated positive charge at the atom's center. This led to the conclusion that protons are located in the nucleus.

    The scattering experiments conducted by Ernest Rutherford, particularly the gold foil experiment, revealed that some alpha particles deflected at large angles, indicating a concentrated positive charge at the atom’s center. This led to the conclusion that protons are located in the nucleus.

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  4. The mass number of an atom is calculated by summing the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. It represents the total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the atom's nucleus and contributes to its atomic mass.

    The mass number of an atom is calculated by summing the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. It represents the total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the atom’s nucleus and contributes to its atomic mass.

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  5. The mass number, the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus, influences its stability. Stable isotopes have balanced proton-neutron ratios, enhancing nuclear stability. Deviations from this balance can lead to unstable isotopes, prone to radioactive decay in an attempt to achieve a more stRead more

    The mass number, the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus, influences its stability. Stable isotopes have balanced proton-neutron ratios, enhancing nuclear stability. Deviations from this balance can lead to unstable isotopes, prone to radioactive decay in an attempt to achieve a more stable configuration.

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