When the outermost shell of an atom is close to being full, valency is determined by subtracting the number of electrons needed to complete the octet from eight.
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Understanding valency allows scientists to predict the types of bonds formed between elements and anticipate the chemical properties of compounds, aiding in the design and synthesis of new materials and substances.
Valency determines how elements interact and combine with each other in chemical reactions, guiding the formation of compounds and the stability of resulting structures.
The valency of magnesium is two because it has two electrons in its outermost shell, while the valency of aluminium is three because it has three electrons in its outermost shell.
Hydrogen, lithium, and sodium each have a valency of one because they possess one electron in their outermost shell, making them capable of losing one electron.