One major challenge is that many of the fish species used in composite fish culture only breed during the monsoon season, leading to irregular availability of fish seed.

The goal is to maximize fish production by utilizing the pond ecosystem efficiently and sustainably through the strategic selection of fish species with complementary feeding habits, thereby increasing overall productivity.

Without competition for food, each species can efficiently feed on their preferred food sources, leading to optimal growth rates and overall higher fish yield from the pond.

Examples include Catlas (surface feeders), Rohus (middle-zone feeders), Mrigals and Common Carps (bottom feeders), and Grass Carps (weed eaters).

By selecting species such as surface feeders, middle-zone feeders, bottom feeders, and weed eaters, all available food resources in different parts of the pond are efficiently utilized.

The principle is to select fish species with different food habits so that they utilize various parts of the pond and do not compete for food among themselves.

Composite fish culture systems involve the cultivation of multiple fish species in the same environment, often combining local and imported species. This method optimizes resource utilization and increases overall productivity within the fish farming system.

Fish culture is sometimes integrated with rice cultivation by growing fish in the water within paddy fields, providing a symbiotic relationship where fish waste fertilizes the rice plants and the rice field provides habitat and food for the fish.

Aquaculture is the primary method for fish production in inland water bodies, allowing for controlled breeding and cultivation to increase yields.

The yield of capture fishing in inland water bodies is generally low due to factors such as limited space and natural fish populations being less concentrated compared to open ocean environments.