The land was distributed as given below: (i) In large parts of England, the countryside was open. (ii) There were no enclosures owned privately by the landlords. (iii) Peasants cultivated on strips of land around the village they lived in. (iv) Each year. a public meeting was held and each villagerRead more
The land was distributed as given below:
(i) In large parts of England, the countryside was open.
(ii) There were no enclosures owned privately by the landlords.
(iii) Peasants cultivated on strips of land around the village they lived in.
(iv) Each year. a public meeting was held and each villager was allocated a number of strips to cultivate.
(v) The strips were of different quality and each villager was given both good and bad strips.
(vi) There was common land which was used by all the villagers to graze their animals and for other necessities.
Thus, the common land was very useful to the poor because it supplemented their meagre income, sustained their cattle, and helped them tide over bad times in case of failure of crops.
(i) The farmers used the simple innovations in agriculture to improve production in the early eighteenth century on a regular basis. They began growing turnip and clover. These crops improved the soil and made it more fertile. Moreover, turnip was a good fodder crop relished try cattle. These cropsRead more
(i) The farmers used the simple innovations in agriculture to improve production in the early eighteenth century on a regular basis. They began growing turnip and clover. These crops improved the soil and made it more fertile. Moreover, turnip was a good fodder crop relished try cattle. These crops had the capacity to increase the nitrogen content of the soil which was important for crop growth. Cultivation of the same soil over a few years depleted the nitrogen in the soil and reduced its fertility. By restoring nitrogen, turnip and clover made the
soil fertile once again.
(ii) Enclosures were considered necessary to make long term investments on land and plan crop rotations to improve the soil.
(iii) Enclosures also allowed the richer landowners to expand the land under their control and produce more for the market.
The effects of the enclosures on the poor were as given below: (i) The poor could no longer collect their firewood from the forests or graze the cattle on the commons. (ii) The could no longer collect apples and berries or hunt small animals for meat. (iii) They could not gather the stalks that layRead more
The effects of the enclosures on the poor were as given below:
(i) The poor could no longer collect their firewood from the forests or graze the cattle on the commons.
(ii) The could no longer collect apples and berries or hunt small animals for meat.
(iii) They could not gather the stalks that lay on the fields after the crops were cut. Everything belonged to the landlords. Everything had a price which the poor could not afford to pay.
(iv) In Midlands and counties around it, enclosures came into existence on an extensive scale. The poor were displaced from the land. Deprived of their right and driven off the land, they tramped in search of work. From the Midlands. they moved to the Southern counties of England but nowhere could the poor find secure jobs.
(v) Wages of the labourers were reduced. They were employed only during harvest time. Work became insecure, employment uncertain and income unstable. For a very large part of the year, the poor had no work.
(a) The factors for the introduction of threshing machines were as given below: (i) Expansion of production by the farmers due to high prices of foodgrains. (ii) Fear of shortage of labour. (ii) Complaints of insolence of labourers, their drinking habits, and the difficulty of making them work (v) TRead more
(a) The factors for the introduction of threshing machines were as given below:
(i) Expansion of production by the farmers due to high prices of foodgrains.
(ii) Fear of shortage of labour.
(ii) Complaints of insolence of labourers, their drinking habits, and the difficulty of making them work
(v) To reduce their dependence on labourers.
(b) After the Napoleonic wars, thousands of soldiers returned to their homes. They
needed jobs but there was no work due to reduction in the cultivation area and use of threshing machines. This led to riots.
Modern Agriculture had affected the following changes in England: (i) The open fields disappeared. (ii) The customary rights of peasants were undermined. (iii) The richer farmers expanded grain production sold this grain in the world market, made profits, and became powerful. (iv) The poor were affeRead more
Modern Agriculture had affected the following changes in England:
(i) The open fields disappeared.
(ii) The customary rights of peasants were undermined.
(iii) The richer farmers expanded grain production sold this grain in the world market, made profits, and became powerful.
(iv) The poor were affected badly. They were forced to leave their villages in large numbers.
(v) Some went to the Southern counties for sale and others to the cities
(vi) The wages of the labourers were reduced that led to instability in their income. Their jobs became insecure and their livelihood precarious. The law gave them no redress.
How the land was distributed during the period of open fields and commons in England?
The land was distributed as given below: (i) In large parts of England, the countryside was open. (ii) There were no enclosures owned privately by the landlords. (iii) Peasants cultivated on strips of land around the village they lived in. (iv) Each year. a public meeting was held and each villagerRead more
The land was distributed as given below:
See less(i) In large parts of England, the countryside was open.
(ii) There were no enclosures owned privately by the landlords.
(iii) Peasants cultivated on strips of land around the village they lived in.
(iv) Each year. a public meeting was held and each villager was allocated a number of strips to cultivate.
(v) The strips were of different quality and each villager was given both good and bad strips.
(vi) There was common land which was used by all the villagers to graze their animals and for other necessities.
Thus, the common land was very useful to the poor because it supplemented their meagre income, sustained their cattle, and helped them tide over bad times in case of failure of crops.
What methods were used by the farmers in the early eighteenth century to improve agriculture on a regular basis?
(i) The farmers used the simple innovations in agriculture to improve production in the early eighteenth century on a regular basis. They began growing turnip and clover. These crops improved the soil and made it more fertile. Moreover, turnip was a good fodder crop relished try cattle. These cropsRead more
(i) The farmers used the simple innovations in agriculture to improve production in the early eighteenth century on a regular basis. They began growing turnip and clover. These crops improved the soil and made it more fertile. Moreover, turnip was a good fodder crop relished try cattle. These crops had the capacity to increase the nitrogen content of the soil which was important for crop growth. Cultivation of the same soil over a few years depleted the nitrogen in the soil and reduced its fertility. By restoring nitrogen, turnip and clover made the
See lesssoil fertile once again.
(ii) Enclosures were considered necessary to make long term investments on land and plan crop rotations to improve the soil.
(iii) Enclosures also allowed the richer landowners to expand the land under their control and produce more for the market.
What were the effects of the enclosures on the poor in England?
The effects of the enclosures on the poor were as given below: (i) The poor could no longer collect their firewood from the forests or graze the cattle on the commons. (ii) The could no longer collect apples and berries or hunt small animals for meat. (iii) They could not gather the stalks that layRead more
The effects of the enclosures on the poor were as given below:
See less(i) The poor could no longer collect their firewood from the forests or graze the cattle on the commons.
(ii) The could no longer collect apples and berries or hunt small animals for meat.
(iii) They could not gather the stalks that lay on the fields after the crops were cut. Everything belonged to the landlords. Everything had a price which the poor could not afford to pay.
(iv) In Midlands and counties around it, enclosures came into existence on an extensive scale. The poor were displaced from the land. Deprived of their right and driven off the land, they tramped in search of work. From the Midlands. they moved to the Southern counties of England but nowhere could the poor find secure jobs.
(v) Wages of the labourers were reduced. They were employed only during harvest time. Work became insecure, employment uncertain and income unstable. For a very large part of the year, the poor had no work.
What were the factors for the introduction of threshing machines during the Napoleonic Wars? What were its effect after the Napoleonic wars in England?
(a) The factors for the introduction of threshing machines were as given below: (i) Expansion of production by the farmers due to high prices of foodgrains. (ii) Fear of shortage of labour. (ii) Complaints of insolence of labourers, their drinking habits, and the difficulty of making them work (v) TRead more
(a) The factors for the introduction of threshing machines were as given below:
See less(i) Expansion of production by the farmers due to high prices of foodgrains.
(ii) Fear of shortage of labour.
(ii) Complaints of insolence of labourers, their drinking habits, and the difficulty of making them work
(v) To reduce their dependence on labourers.
(b) After the Napoleonic wars, thousands of soldiers returned to their homes. They
needed jobs but there was no work due to reduction in the cultivation area and use of threshing machines. This led to riots.
Describe in brief the changes that occurred with the coming of modern agriculture in England.
Modern Agriculture had affected the following changes in England: (i) The open fields disappeared. (ii) The customary rights of peasants were undermined. (iii) The richer farmers expanded grain production sold this grain in the world market, made profits, and became powerful. (iv) The poor were affeRead more
Modern Agriculture had affected the following changes in England:
See less(i) The open fields disappeared.
(ii) The customary rights of peasants were undermined.
(iii) The richer farmers expanded grain production sold this grain in the world market, made profits, and became powerful.
(iv) The poor were affected badly. They were forced to leave their villages in large numbers.
(v) Some went to the Southern counties for sale and others to the cities
(vi) The wages of the labourers were reduced that led to instability in their income. Their jobs became insecure and their livelihood precarious. The law gave them no redress.