1. There is vast number of living organisms in this biosphere and they have a great diversity in shape, size and form. It is practically not possible to examine and study each and every organism separately at individual level. It is therefore, advisable to study the diversity of organisms by classify tRead more

    There is vast number of living organisms in this biosphere and they have a great diversity in shape, size and form. It is practically not possible to examine and study each and every organism separately at individual level. It is therefore, advisable to study the diversity of organisms by classify them in a orderly manner

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  2. It is true that a section of people in India are still without food. Instances of hunger are prevalent despite overflowing granaries, with some rotting away and some being eaten by rats. This situation has arisen due to shortcomings in the Public Distribution System which has proved to be ineffectivRead more

    It is true that a section of people in India are still without food. Instances of hunger are prevalent despite overflowing granaries, with some rotting away and some being eaten by rats. This situation has arisen due to shortcomings in the Public Distribution System which has proved to be ineffective. The average consumption of PDS grain at the all-India level is only 1 kg per person per month. The average consumption figure is as low as less than 300 grams per person per month in the states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. As a result of malpractices people prone to food insecurity do not get food grains in time. The affected persons do not get help in time due to insufficient and corrupt officials. As a result of this state of affairs, a section of the people in India are still without food. For example, the places like Kalahandi and Kashipur in Orissa, famine like conditions have been existing for many years and where some starvation deaths have also been reported. Starvation deaths are also reported in Baran district of Rajasthan, Palamau district of Jharkhand and many other remote areas during the
    recent years.

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  3. There is substantial decline in poverty ratios in India from about 55 per cent in 1973 to 36 per cent in 1993. The proportion of people below poverty line further came down to about 26 per cent in 2000. If the present trend continues, people below poverty line may come down to less than 20 per centRead more

    There is substantial decline in poverty ratios in India from about 55 per cent in 1973 to 36 per cent in 1993. The proportion of people below poverty line further came down to about 26 per cent in 2000. If the present trend continues, people below poverty line may come down to less than 20 per cent in the next few years.
    Although the percentage of people living under poverty line declined in the earlier two decades (1973-93), the number of poor remained stable around 320 million for a fairly long period. The latest estimates indicate a significant reduction in the number of poor to about 260 milion.

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  4. The present methodology of poverty estimation is not appropriate because it takes into account only one factor i.e., minimum level of food requirement and other things. It is about a " minimum" subsistence level of living rather than a "reasonable" level of living. Many scholars advocate that the coRead more

    The present methodology of poverty estimation is not appropriate because it takes
    into account only one factor i.e., minimum level of food requirement and other things. It is about a ” minimum” subsistence level of living rather than a “reasonable” level of living. Many scholars advocate that the concept should be broadened into human poverty. It should include education, shelter, health care job security, caste and gender equality and dignity for the poor. Worldwide experience shows that the definition of what constitutes poverty should change
    accordingly.

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  5. The main points relating to the position of the citizens with regard to their government in Saudi Arabia are as given below: (i) Hereditary king: A hereditary king rules the country. The people have no role in electing or changing their rulers (ii) King powers: The king selects the legislature as weRead more

    The main points relating to the position of the citizens with regard to their government in Saudi Arabia are as given below:
    (i) Hereditary king: A hereditary king rules the country. The people have no role in electing or changing their rulers
    (ii) King powers: The king selects the legislature as well as the executive. He appoints the judges and can change any of their decisions.
    (iii) Ban on formation of political parties: Citizens cannot form political parties or any political organisation. Media cannot report any thing that the monarch does not like.
    (iv) No freedom of religion : There is no freedom of religion. Every citizen is required to be Muslim. Non-Muslim residents can follow their religion in private, but not in public.
    (v) Position of women : Women are subjected to many public restrictions. The testimony of one man is considered equal to that of two women. Thus, in Saudi Arabia, the government is autocratic and non-democratic.

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