There is vast number of living organisms in this biosphere and they have a great diversity in shape, size and form. It is practically not possible to examine and study each and every organism separately at individual level. It is therefore, advisable to study the diversity of organisms by classify tRead more
There is vast number of living organisms in this biosphere and they have a great diversity in shape, size and form. It is practically not possible to examine and study each and every organism separately at individual level. It is therefore, advisable to study the diversity of organisms by classify them in a orderly manner
It is true that a section of people in India are still without food. Instances of hunger are prevalent despite overflowing granaries, with some rotting away and some being eaten by rats. This situation has arisen due to shortcomings in the Public Distribution System which has proved to be ineffectivRead more
It is true that a section of people in India are still without food. Instances of hunger are prevalent despite overflowing granaries, with some rotting away and some being eaten by rats. This situation has arisen due to shortcomings in the Public Distribution System which has proved to be ineffective. The average consumption of PDS grain at the all-India level is only 1 kg per person per month. The average consumption figure is as low as less than 300 grams per person per month in the states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. As a result of malpractices people prone to food insecurity do not get food grains in time. The affected persons do not get help in time due to insufficient and corrupt officials. As a result of this state of affairs, a section of the people in India are still without food. For example, the places like Kalahandi and Kashipur in Orissa, famine like conditions have been existing for many years and where some starvation deaths have also been reported. Starvation deaths are also reported in Baran district of Rajasthan, Palamau district of Jharkhand and many other remote areas during the
recent years.
There is substantial decline in poverty ratios in India from about 55 per cent in 1973 to 36 per cent in 1993. The proportion of people below poverty line further came down to about 26 per cent in 2000. If the present trend continues, people below poverty line may come down to less than 20 per centRead more
There is substantial decline in poverty ratios in India from about 55 per cent in 1973 to 36 per cent in 1993. The proportion of people below poverty line further came down to about 26 per cent in 2000. If the present trend continues, people below poverty line may come down to less than 20 per cent in the next few years.
Although the percentage of people living under poverty line declined in the earlier two decades (1973-93), the number of poor remained stable around 320 million for a fairly long period. The latest estimates indicate a significant reduction in the number of poor to about 260 milion.
The present methodology of poverty estimation is not appropriate because it takes into account only one factor i.e., minimum level of food requirement and other things. It is about a " minimum" subsistence level of living rather than a "reasonable" level of living. Many scholars advocate that the coRead more
The present methodology of poverty estimation is not appropriate because it takes
into account only one factor i.e., minimum level of food requirement and other things. It is about a ” minimum” subsistence level of living rather than a “reasonable” level of living. Many scholars advocate that the concept should be broadened into human poverty. It should include education, shelter, health care job security, caste and gender equality and dignity for the poor. Worldwide experience shows that the definition of what constitutes poverty should change
accordingly.
The main points relating to the position of the citizens with regard to their government in Saudi Arabia are as given below: (i) Hereditary king: A hereditary king rules the country. The people have no role in electing or changing their rulers (ii) King powers: The king selects the legislature as weRead more
The main points relating to the position of the citizens with regard to their government in Saudi Arabia are as given below:
(i) Hereditary king: A hereditary king rules the country. The people have no role in electing or changing their rulers
(ii) King powers: The king selects the legislature as well as the executive. He appoints the judges and can change any of their decisions.
(iii) Ban on formation of political parties: Citizens cannot form political parties or any political organisation. Media cannot report any thing that the monarch does not like.
(iv) No freedom of religion : There is no freedom of religion. Every citizen is required to be Muslim. Non-Muslim residents can follow their religion in private, but not in public.
(v) Position of women : Women are subjected to many public restrictions. The testimony of one man is considered equal to that of two women. Thus, in Saudi Arabia, the government is autocratic and non-democratic.
(i) Kosovo was a part of Yugoslavia before split. (ii) Its population was overwhelmingly ethnic Albanians but Serbs in the country were in majority. (iii) A narrow minded Serb nationalist Milosevic won the election and his government was very hostile to the Kosovo Albanians. He asked ethnic AlbanianRead more
(i) Kosovo was a part of Yugoslavia before split.
(ii) Its population was overwhelmingly ethnic Albanians but Serbs in the country were in majority.
(iii) A narrow minded Serb nationalist Milosevic won the election and his government was very hostile to the Kosovo Albanians. He asked ethnic Albanians to leave the country or accept the dominance of the Serbs. This led to massacre in Kosovo which was being carried out by the army of their own country. The army was working under the direction of a leader who came to power through democratic elections. This was one of the worst instances of ethnic killings in recent times’ Ultimately some countries intervened. Milosevic lost power and v.as tried by an International Court of Justice for crimes against humanity.
(a) In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister. In a coalition government, a person who enjoys the support of the majority of the members in the Lok Sabhals appointed as the prime Minister. He continues in power so long as he remRead more
(a) In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister. In a coalition government, a person who enjoys the support of the majority of the members in the Lok Sabhals appointed as the prime Minister. He continues in power so long as he remains the leader of the majority party or coalition. Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers are responsible to the Lok Sabha. They should enjoy the confidence of the house. If Lok Sabha passes no confidence motion against the Council of Ministers or any minister or any government has to resign. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha and therefore no confidence motion against one minister is treated as no confidence motion against the government. In addition to above the members of the Lok Sabha are elected directly by the people. They are representatives of the people’ So they exercise control over the Council Minister to protect the interest of the people’ Thus, the Prime Minister should be the leader of the majority party in the LokSabha.
(a) Election campaign : She should ensure that the Model Code of Conduct is followed by, all. No one is trying to bribe or threaten voters or appealing them in the name of caste or religion. No one should use government resources for election campaign and spend more than ₹25 lakh in a constituency fRead more
(a) Election campaign : She should ensure that the Model Code of Conduct is
followed by, all. No one is trying to bribe or threaten voters or appealing them in the name of caste or religion. No one should use government resources for election campaign and spend more than ₹25 lakh in a constituency for a Lok Sabha election or ₹10 lakh in a constituency in an Assembly election.
(b) Polling day: (i) She should ensure that the polling is peaceful and fair. (ii) There is no booth capturing.
(iii) There is no misuse of government facilities and officials by the ruling party.
(iv) There is no excessive use of money by rich candidates, intimidation of voters buying and rigging and of votes etc.
(c) Counting day : (i) She should ensure that the counting is done properly in the presence of candidates or their representatives and agents, under proper security arrangements.
(ii) She will also ensure that no other person, media and press reporters are allowed inside the counting hall.
(iii) After the counting is over the results should be declared.
(a) In India, most migrations have been from rural to urban areas because of the "push" factor in rural areas. These are adverse conditions of poverty and unemployment in the rural areas and the "pull" of the city in terms of increased employment opportunities and better living conditions. (b) EffecRead more
(a) In India, most migrations have been from rural to urban areas because of the
“push” factor in rural areas. These are adverse conditions of poverty and unemployment in the rural areas and the “pull” of the city in terms of increased employment opportunities and better living conditions.
(b) Effects ; The rural-urban migration 1.e., migration of people from rural areas to urban areas has resulted in a steady increase in the percentage of population in cities and towns. The urban population has increased from 17.29 per cent of the total population in 1951 to 27.78 per cent in 2001. There has been a significant increase in the number of ‘million plus cities’ from 23 to 35 in just one decade i.e.,1991 to 2001.
(l) These forests are restricted to heavy rainfall areas of the Western Ghats and the island groups of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar, upper parts of Assam and Tamil Naducoast. (ii) More than 200 cm rainfall with a short dry season. (iii) The trees reach great heights up to 60 metres or even aboveRead more
(l) These forests are restricted to heavy rainfall areas of the Western Ghats and the island groups of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar, upper parts of Assam and Tamil Naducoast.
(ii) More than 200 cm rainfall with a short dry season.
(iii) The trees reach great heights up to 60 metres or even above.
(iv) Luxuriant vegetation of all kinds-trees, shrubs and creepers giving it a multilayered structure.
(v) No definite time for trees to shed their leaves, so appear green all the year around.
(vi) Commercially important trees as ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber and cinchona.
Why do we classify organisms?
There is vast number of living organisms in this biosphere and they have a great diversity in shape, size and form. It is practically not possible to examine and study each and every organism separately at individual level. It is therefore, advisable to study the diversity of organisms by classify tRead more
There is vast number of living organisms in this biosphere and they have a great diversity in shape, size and form. It is practically not possible to examine and study each and every organism separately at individual level. It is therefore, advisable to study the diversity of organisms by classify them in a orderly manner
See lessA section of people in India are still without food. Explain.
It is true that a section of people in India are still without food. Instances of hunger are prevalent despite overflowing granaries, with some rotting away and some being eaten by rats. This situation has arisen due to shortcomings in the Public Distribution System which has proved to be ineffectivRead more
It is true that a section of people in India are still without food. Instances of hunger are prevalent despite overflowing granaries, with some rotting away and some being eaten by rats. This situation has arisen due to shortcomings in the Public Distribution System which has proved to be ineffective. The average consumption of PDS grain at the all-India level is only 1 kg per person per month. The average consumption figure is as low as less than 300 grams per person per month in the states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. As a result of malpractices people prone to food insecurity do not get food grains in time. The affected persons do not get help in time due to insufficient and corrupt officials. As a result of this state of affairs, a section of the people in India are still without food. For example, the places like Kalahandi and Kashipur in Orissa, famine like conditions have been existing for many years and where some starvation deaths have also been reported. Starvation deaths are also reported in Baran district of Rajasthan, Palamau district of Jharkhand and many other remote areas during the
See lessrecent years.
Describe poverty trends in India since 1973.
There is substantial decline in poverty ratios in India from about 55 per cent in 1973 to 36 per cent in 1993. The proportion of people below poverty line further came down to about 26 per cent in 2000. If the present trend continues, people below poverty line may come down to less than 20 per centRead more
There is substantial decline in poverty ratios in India from about 55 per cent in 1973 to 36 per cent in 1993. The proportion of people below poverty line further came down to about 26 per cent in 2000. If the present trend continues, people below poverty line may come down to less than 20 per cent in the next few years.
See lessAlthough the percentage of people living under poverty line declined in the earlier two decades (1973-93), the number of poor remained stable around 320 million for a fairly long period. The latest estimates indicate a significant reduction in the number of poor to about 260 milion.
Do you think that the present methodology of poverty estimation is appropriate?
The present methodology of poverty estimation is not appropriate because it takes into account only one factor i.e., minimum level of food requirement and other things. It is about a " minimum" subsistence level of living rather than a "reasonable" level of living. Many scholars advocate that the coRead more
The present methodology of poverty estimation is not appropriate because it takes
See lessinto account only one factor i.e., minimum level of food requirement and other things. It is about a ” minimum” subsistence level of living rather than a “reasonable” level of living. Many scholars advocate that the concept should be broadened into human poverty. It should include education, shelter, health care job security, caste and gender equality and dignity for the poor. Worldwide experience shows that the definition of what constitutes poverty should change
accordingly.
Describe the position of the citizens with regard to their government in Saudi Arabia.
The main points relating to the position of the citizens with regard to their government in Saudi Arabia are as given below: (i) Hereditary king: A hereditary king rules the country. The people have no role in electing or changing their rulers (ii) King powers: The king selects the legislature as weRead more
The main points relating to the position of the citizens with regard to their government in Saudi Arabia are as given below:
See less(i) Hereditary king: A hereditary king rules the country. The people have no role in electing or changing their rulers
(ii) King powers: The king selects the legislature as well as the executive. He appoints the judges and can change any of their decisions.
(iii) Ban on formation of political parties: Citizens cannot form political parties or any political organisation. Media cannot report any thing that the monarch does not like.
(iv) No freedom of religion : There is no freedom of religion. Every citizen is required to be Muslim. Non-Muslim residents can follow their religion in private, but not in public.
(v) Position of women : Women are subjected to many public restrictions. The testimony of one man is considered equal to that of two women. Thus, in Saudi Arabia, the government is autocratic and non-democratic.
Describe ethnic massacre in Kosovo.
(i) Kosovo was a part of Yugoslavia before split. (ii) Its population was overwhelmingly ethnic Albanians but Serbs in the country were in majority. (iii) A narrow minded Serb nationalist Milosevic won the election and his government was very hostile to the Kosovo Albanians. He asked ethnic AlbanianRead more
(i) Kosovo was a part of Yugoslavia before split.
See less(ii) Its population was overwhelmingly ethnic Albanians but Serbs in the country were in majority.
(iii) A narrow minded Serb nationalist Milosevic won the election and his government was very hostile to the Kosovo Albanians. He asked ethnic Albanians to leave the country or accept the dominance of the Serbs. This led to massacre in Kosovo which was being carried out by the army of their own country. The army was working under the direction of a leader who came to power through democratic elections. This was one of the worst instances of ethnic killings in recent times’ Ultimately some countries intervened. Milosevic lost power and v.as tried by an International Court of Justice for crimes against humanity.
Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice. (a) In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the prime Minister. (b) Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers even before the expiry of their term. (c) Since the Prime Minister is appointed by the President there is no need for it. (d) Direct election of the prime Minister election.
(a) In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister. In a coalition government, a person who enjoys the support of the majority of the members in the Lok Sabhals appointed as the prime Minister. He continues in power so long as he remRead more
(a) In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister. In a coalition government, a person who enjoys the support of the majority of the members in the Lok Sabhals appointed as the prime Minister. He continues in power so long as he remains the leader of the majority party or coalition. Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers are responsible to the Lok Sabha. They should enjoy the confidence of the house. If Lok Sabha passes no confidence motion against the Council of Ministers or any minister or any government has to resign. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha and therefore no confidence motion against one minister is treated as no confidence motion against the government. In addition to above the members of the Lok Sabha are elected directly by the people. They are representatives of the people’ So they exercise control over the Council Minister to protect the interest of the people’ Thus, the Prime Minister should be the leader of the majority party in the LokSabha.
See lessSurekha is an officer in-charge of ensuring free and fair elections in an assembly constituency in a state. Describe what should she focus on for each of the following stages of election: (a.) Election campaign (b) Polling day (c) Counting day.
(a) Election campaign : She should ensure that the Model Code of Conduct is followed by, all. No one is trying to bribe or threaten voters or appealing them in the name of caste or religion. No one should use government resources for election campaign and spend more than ₹25 lakh in a constituency fRead more
(a) Election campaign : She should ensure that the Model Code of Conduct is
See lessfollowed by, all. No one is trying to bribe or threaten voters or appealing them in the name of caste or religion. No one should use government resources for election campaign and spend more than ₹25 lakh in a constituency for a Lok Sabha election or ₹10 lakh in a constituency in an Assembly election.
(b) Polling day: (i) She should ensure that the polling is peaceful and fair. (ii) There is no booth capturing.
(iii) There is no misuse of government facilities and officials by the ruling party.
(iv) There is no excessive use of money by rich candidates, intimidation of voters buying and rigging and of votes etc.
(c) Counting day : (i) She should ensure that the counting is done properly in the presence of candidates or their representatives and agents, under proper security arrangements.
(ii) She will also ensure that no other person, media and press reporters are allowed inside the counting hall.
(iii) After the counting is over the results should be declared.
What are “push” and “pull” factors in migrations in rural areas in India? what are its effects?
(a) In India, most migrations have been from rural to urban areas because of the "push" factor in rural areas. These are adverse conditions of poverty and unemployment in the rural areas and the "pull" of the city in terms of increased employment opportunities and better living conditions. (b) EffecRead more
(a) In India, most migrations have been from rural to urban areas because of the
See less“push” factor in rural areas. These are adverse conditions of poverty and unemployment in the rural areas and the “pull” of the city in terms of increased employment opportunities and better living conditions.
(b) Effects ; The rural-urban migration 1.e., migration of people from rural areas to urban areas has resulted in a steady increase in the percentage of population in cities and towns. The urban population has increased from 17.29 per cent of the total population in 1951 to 27.78 per cent in 2001. There has been a significant increase in the number of ‘million plus cities’ from 23 to 35 in just one decade i.e.,1991 to 2001.
Describe any six features of Tropical Green Forests.
(l) These forests are restricted to heavy rainfall areas of the Western Ghats and the island groups of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar, upper parts of Assam and Tamil Naducoast. (ii) More than 200 cm rainfall with a short dry season. (iii) The trees reach great heights up to 60 metres or even aboveRead more
(l) These forests are restricted to heavy rainfall areas of the Western Ghats and the island groups of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar, upper parts of Assam and Tamil Naducoast.
See less(ii) More than 200 cm rainfall with a short dry season.
(iii) The trees reach great heights up to 60 metres or even above.
(iv) Luxuriant vegetation of all kinds-trees, shrubs and creepers giving it a multilayered structure.
(v) No definite time for trees to shed their leaves, so appear green all the year around.
(vi) Commercially important trees as ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber and cinchona.