When diluting an acid, it is recommended to add the acid to water and not water to the acid. This is a safety precaution due to the exothermic nature of the dilution process. Adding water to acid is potentially more dangerous because the reaction between water and concentrated acid is highly exotherRead more
When diluting an acid, it is recommended to add the acid to water and not water to the acid. This is a safety precaution due to the exothermic nature of the dilution process.
Adding water to acid is potentially more dangerous because the reaction between water and concentrated acid is highly exothermic, meaning it releases a significant amount of heat. If water is added too quickly to concentrated acid, the heat generated can cause the water to boil, and there’s a risk of splattering concentrated acid. This can lead to dangerous situations, including the potential for acid burns or other injuries.
On the other hand, adding acid to water allows for better control of the process. The acid is added gradually to the water while stirring, and the heat is more effectively dissipated. This method reduces the risk of rapid heating and boiling, minimizing the chances of splattering or other safety hazards.
The recommended order of mixing, “add acid to water,” is often remembered by the acronym “AAW” (Always Add Water). Following this guideline helps ensure a safer dilution process when working with concentrated acids.
When a solution of an acid is diluted, the concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O+) decreases. The dilution process involves adding more solvent (usually water) to the acid solution, which reduces the concentration of all solute particles, including hydronium ions. The relationship between concentratiRead more
When a solution of an acid is diluted, the concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O+) decreases. The dilution process involves adding more solvent (usually water) to the acid solution, which reduces the concentration of all solute particles, including hydronium ions.
The relationship between concentration, volume, and moles of solute in a solution is given by the equation:
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
where:
» C₁ is the initial concentration of the solution,
» V₁ is the initial volume of the solution,
» C₂ is the final concentration of the solution after dilution, and
» V₂ is the final volume of the solution after dilution.
When diluting an acid, V₂ is greater than V₁ because you are adding more solvent. Since C₁ V₁ = C₂ V₂, if V₂ increases, C₂ must decrease.
So, as you dilute the acid, the concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O+) decreases in accordance with the dilution formula. It’s important to note that the total number of moles of hydronium ions remains constant; only the concentration changes due to the addition of more solvent.
The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. The pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration ([H +]) in moles per liter: pH = -log[H+] Given that solution A has a pH of 6 and solution B has a pH of 8, we can make theRead more
The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. The pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration ([H +]) in moles per liter:
pH = -log[H+]
Given that solution A has a pH of 6 and solution B has a pH of 8, we can make the following observations:
1. Hydrogen Ion Concentration:
» Solution A: [H+] = 10−pH of A =10−6 moles per liter
» Solution B: [H+]= 10 −pH of B =10−8 moles per liter
» Comparing these values, 10−6 is greater than 10−8, so solution A has a higher hydrogen ion concentration.
2. Acidity and Basicity:
» Lower pH values indicate higher acidity, and higher pH values indicate higher basicity.
» Solution A (pH 6) is more acidic than solution B (pH 8).
So, to summarize:
» Solution A has a higher hydrogen ion concentration and is more acidic.
» Solution B has a lower hydrogen ion concentration and is more basic.
Dry hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas does not change the color of dry litmus paper because the reaction between HCl and litmus paper requires the presence of water. Litmus paper is a common indicator that changes color in response to the acidity or basicity of a solution. The reaction between hydrogen chRead more
Dry hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas does not change the color of dry litmus paper because the reaction between HCl and litmus paper requires the presence of water. Litmus paper is a common indicator that changes color in response to the acidity or basicity of a solution.
The reaction between hydrogen chloride gas and water is as follows:
HCl (g) +H₂O (l) → H₃O+ (aq)+ Cl- (aq)
Hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) reacts with water to form hydronium ions (H₃O+) and chloride ions (Cl−) in solution. The presence of these ions in solution is what allows litmus paper to change color.
When dry HCl gas comes into contact with dry litmus paper, there is no water available to facilitate this reaction. As a result, the litmus paper does not change color. In general, many chemical reactions, especially those involving ions in solution, require water as a medium for the reaction to occur. In the absence of water, certain reactions may not take place, and the expected changes, such as color changes in indicators like litmus paper, may not occur.
When excess base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is dissolved in a solution, the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) increases. This is because sodium hydroxide dissociates in water to form sodium ions (Na⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻) according to the following equation: NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻ NaOH → NaRead more
When excess base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is dissolved in a solution, the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) increases. This is because sodium hydroxide dissociates in water to form sodium ions (Na⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻) according to the following equation:
NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻ NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻
As more sodium hydroxide is added to the solution, more hydroxide ions are produced. The concentration of hydroxide ions is directly proportional to the concentration of the dissolved sodium hydroxide. If you add excess sodium hydroxide, the concentration of hydroxide ions will continue to rise.
It’s important to note that the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution is related to its pH. The higher the concentration of hydroxide ions, the more basic (or alkaline) the solution becomes. The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, with values ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic). Excess sodium hydroxide will raise the pH of the solution.
While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid?
When diluting an acid, it is recommended to add the acid to water and not water to the acid. This is a safety precaution due to the exothermic nature of the dilution process. Adding water to acid is potentially more dangerous because the reaction between water and concentrated acid is highly exotherRead more
When diluting an acid, it is recommended to add the acid to water and not water to the acid. This is a safety precaution due to the exothermic nature of the dilution process.
Adding water to acid is potentially more dangerous because the reaction between water and concentrated acid is highly exothermic, meaning it releases a significant amount of heat. If water is added too quickly to concentrated acid, the heat generated can cause the water to boil, and there’s a risk of splattering concentrated acid. This can lead to dangerous situations, including the potential for acid burns or other injuries.
On the other hand, adding acid to water allows for better control of the process. The acid is added gradually to the water while stirring, and the heat is more effectively dissipated. This method reduces the risk of rapid heating and boiling, minimizing the chances of splattering or other safety hazards.
The recommended order of mixing, “add acid to water,” is often remembered by the acronym “AAW” (Always Add Water). Following this guideline helps ensure a safer dilution process when working with concentrated acids.
See lessHow is the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) affected when a solution of an acid is diluted?
When a solution of an acid is diluted, the concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O+) decreases. The dilution process involves adding more solvent (usually water) to the acid solution, which reduces the concentration of all solute particles, including hydronium ions. The relationship between concentratiRead more
When a solution of an acid is diluted, the concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O+) decreases. The dilution process involves adding more solvent (usually water) to the acid solution, which reduces the concentration of all solute particles, including hydronium ions.
The relationship between concentration, volume, and moles of solute in a solution is given by the equation:
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
where:
» C₁ is the initial concentration of the solution,
» V₁ is the initial volume of the solution,
» C₂ is the final concentration of the solution after dilution, and
» V₂ is the final volume of the solution after dilution.
When diluting an acid, V₂ is greater than V₁ because you are adding more solvent. Since C₁ V₁ = C₂ V₂, if V₂ increases, C₂ must decrease.
So, as you dilute the acid, the concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O+) decreases in accordance with the dilution formula. It’s important to note that the total number of moles of hydronium ions remains constant; only the concentration changes due to the addition of more solvent.
See lessYou have two solutions, A and B. The pH of solution A is 6 and pH of solution B is 8. Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration? Which of this is acidic and which one is basic?
The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. The pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration ([H +]) in moles per liter: pH = -log[H+] Given that solution A has a pH of 6 and solution B has a pH of 8, we can make theRead more
The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. The pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration ([H +]) in moles per liter:
pH = -log[H+]
Given that solution A has a pH of 6 and solution B has a pH of 8, we can make the following observations:
1. Hydrogen Ion Concentration:
» Solution A: [H+] = 10−pH of A =10−6 moles per liter
» Solution B: [H+]= 10 −pH of B =10−8 moles per liter
» Comparing these values, 10−6 is greater than 10−8, so solution A has a higher hydrogen ion concentration.
2. Acidity and Basicity:
» Lower pH values indicate higher acidity, and higher pH values indicate higher basicity.
» Solution A (pH 6) is more acidic than solution B (pH 8).
So, to summarize:
» Solution A has a higher hydrogen ion concentration and is more acidic.
See less» Solution B has a lower hydrogen ion concentration and is more basic.
Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper?
Dry hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas does not change the color of dry litmus paper because the reaction between HCl and litmus paper requires the presence of water. Litmus paper is a common indicator that changes color in response to the acidity or basicity of a solution. The reaction between hydrogen chRead more
Dry hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas does not change the color of dry litmus paper because the reaction between HCl and litmus paper requires the presence of water. Litmus paper is a common indicator that changes color in response to the acidity or basicity of a solution.
The reaction between hydrogen chloride gas and water is as follows:
HCl (g) +H₂O (l) → H₃O+ (aq)+ Cl- (aq)
Hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) reacts with water to form hydronium ions (H₃O+) and chloride ions (Cl−) in solution. The presence of these ions in solution is what allows litmus paper to change color.
When dry HCl gas comes into contact with dry litmus paper, there is no water available to facilitate this reaction. As a result, the litmus paper does not change color. In general, many chemical reactions, especially those involving ions in solution, require water as a medium for the reaction to occur. In the absence of water, certain reactions may not take place, and the expected changes, such as color changes in indicators like litmus paper, may not occur.
See lessHow is the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) affected when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide?
When excess base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is dissolved in a solution, the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) increases. This is because sodium hydroxide dissociates in water to form sodium ions (Na⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻) according to the following equation: NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻ NaOH → NaRead more
When excess base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is dissolved in a solution, the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) increases. This is because sodium hydroxide dissociates in water to form sodium ions (Na⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻) according to the following equation:
NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻ NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻
As more sodium hydroxide is added to the solution, more hydroxide ions are produced. The concentration of hydroxide ions is directly proportional to the concentration of the dissolved sodium hydroxide. If you add excess sodium hydroxide, the concentration of hydroxide ions will continue to rise.
It’s important to note that the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution is related to its pH. The higher the concentration of hydroxide ions, the more basic (or alkaline) the solution becomes. The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, with values ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic). Excess sodium hydroxide will raise the pH of the solution.
See less