1. Area of the small flat search coil, A = 2 cm2= 2 x 10-4 m2 Number of turns on the coil, N = 25 Total charge flowing in the coil, Q = 7.5 mC = 7.5 x 10-3 C Total resistance of the coil and galvanometer, R = 0.50Ω Induced current in the coil, I = [Induced emf (e)]/R------------------------Eq-1 InducedRead more

    Area of the small flat search coil, A = 2 cm2= 2 x 10-4 m2

    Number of turns on the coil, N = 25

    Total charge flowing in the coil, Q = 7.5 mC = 7.5 x 10-3 C

    Total resistance of the coil and galvanometer, R = 0.50Ω

    Induced current in the coil, I = [Induced emf (e)]/R————————Eq-1

    Induced emf is given as: e = —N dφ/dt……………………Eq-2

    Where, dφ = Charge in flux

    Combining equations (1) and (2), we get

    I = – (N dφ/dt)/R

    => I dt = -Ndφ/R —————————Eq-3

    Initial flux through the coil,φi = BA

    Where, B = Magnetic field strength

    Final flux through the coil, φf = 0

    Integrating equation (3) on both sides, we have

    Idt  = -N/R  ΦiΦf  dΦ                         { NOTE- “⌠” is sign of integration}

    But total charge ,Q = ⌠I dt.

    Therefore, Q = -N/R (Φf-Φi) = -N/R (-Φi)= + NΦi/R

    => Q = NBA/R

    Therefore,B = QR /NA

    =    (7.5 x 10-3 x 0.5)/(25 x 2 x 10-4)

    = 0.75 T

    Hence, the field strength of the magnet is 0.75 T.

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  2. Side of the square loop, s = 12 cm = 0.12 m Area of the square loop, A = 0.12 x 0.12 = 0.0144 m2 Velocity of the loop, v = 8 cm/s = 0.08 m/s Gradient of the magnetic field along negative x-direction, dB/dx = 10⁻³ Tcm⁻¹= 10⁻¹ T m⁻¹ And, rate of decrease of the magnetic field, dB/dt = 10⁻³ Ts⁻¹ ResistRead more

    Side of the square loop, s = 12 cm = 0.12 m
    Area of the square loop, A = 0.12 x 0.12 = 0.0144 m2
    Velocity of the loop, v = 8 cm/s = 0.08 m/s
    Gradient of the magnetic field along negative x-direction,
    dB/dx = 10⁻³ Tcm⁻¹= 10⁻¹ T m⁻¹
    And, rate of decrease of the magnetic field,
    dB/dt = 10⁻³ Ts⁻¹

    Resistance of the loop, R = 4.5 mΩ = 4.5 x 10-3

    Rate of change of the magnetic flux due to the motion of the loop in a non-uniform magnetic field is given as:

    dφ/dt =A x dB/dx x v

    = 144 x 10⁻⁴m² x 10⁻¹ x 0.08

    =11.52 x 10⁻⁵ Tm² s⁻¹

    Rate of change of the flux due to explicit time variation in field B is given as:

    dφ´/dt =A x dB/dt

    = 144 x 10⁻⁴ x 10⁻³

    = 1.44 x 10⁻⁵ Tm² s⁻¹

    Since the rate of change of the flux is the induced emf, the total induced emf in the loop can be calculated as:

    e = 1.44 x 10⁻⁵+ 11.52 x 10⁻⁵

    = 12.96 x 10⁻⁵ V

    Therefore, Induced current, i = e/R

    = (12.96 x 10⁻⁵)/(4.5 x 10-3) = 2.88 x 10⁻² A

    Hence, the direction of the induced current is such that there is an increase in the flux through the loop along positive z-direction.

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  3. Sides of the rectangular loop are 8 cm and 2 cm. Hence, area of the rectangular wire loop, A = length x width = 8 x 2 = 16 cm2 = 16 x 10⁻⁴ m2 Initial value of the magnetic field, B' = 0.3 T Rate of decrease of the magnetic field, dB/dt = 0.02 T/s Emf developed in the loop is given as: e = dφ/dt WherRead more

    Sides of the rectangular loop are 8 cm and 2 cm.

    Hence, area of the rectangular wire loop,

    A = length x width = 8 x 2 = 16 cm2 = 16 x 10⁻⁴ m2

    Initial value of the magnetic field, B’ = 0.3 T

    Rate of decrease of the magnetic field, dB/dt = 0.02 T/s

    Emf developed in the loop is given as: e = dφ/dt

    Where, dφ= Change in flux through the loop area = AB

    Therefore, e = d(AB)/dt = AdB/dt

    = 16 x 10⁻⁴ x 0.02 = 0.32 x 10⁻⁴ V

    Resistance of the loop, R = 1.6 Ω

    The current induced in the loop is given as: i = e/R

    = (0.32 x 10⁻⁴)/1.6 = 2 x 10⁻⁵ A

    Power dissipated in the loop in the form of heat is given as:

    P = i2R

    = (2 x 10⁻5)2 x 1.6 = 6.4 x 10⁻¹⁰ W
    The source of this heat loss is an external agent, which is responsible for changing the magnetic field with time.

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  4. Speed of the jet plane, v = 1800 km/h = 500 m/s Wing span of jet plane, l = 25 m Earth’s magnetic field strength, B = 5.0 x 10-4 T Angle of dip, δ = 30° Vertical component of Earth's magnetic field, Bv = B sin δ = 5 x 10_4sin 30° = 2.5 x 10-4 T Voltage difference between the ends of the wing can beRead more

    Speed of the jet plane, v = 1800 km/h = 500 m/s

    Wing span of jet plane, l = 25 m

    Earth’s magnetic field strength, B = 5.0 x 10-4 T

    Angle of dip, δ = 30°

    Vertical component of Earth’s magnetic field,

    Bv = B sin δ = 5 x 10_4sin 30°

    = 2.5 x 10-4 T

    Voltage difference between the ends of the wing can be calculated as: e = (Bv) x l x v

    = 2.5 x 10⁻⁴x 25 x 500 = 3.125 V

    Hence, the voltage difference developed between the ends of the wings is 3.125 V.

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  5. Mutual inductance of a pair of coils, μ = 1.5 H Initial current, I₁= 0 A Final current I₂ = 20 A Change in current, dl = I2 — I₁= 20 — 0 = 20 A Time taken for the change, t = 0.5 s Induced emf e = dφ/dt ------------------Eq-1 Where, dφ is the change in the flux linkage with the coil. Emf is relatedRead more

    Mutual inductance of a pair of coils, μ = 1.5 H

    Initial current, I₁= 0 A Final current I₂ = 20 A

    Change in current, dl = I2 — I₁= 20 — 0 = 20 A

    Time taken for the change, t = 0.5 s

    Induced emf e = dφ/dt ——————Eq-1

    Where, dφ is the change in the flux linkage with the coil.

    Emf is related with mutual inductance as:

    e = μ dI /dt —————————-Eq-2

    Equating equations (1) and (2), we get

    dφ/dt = μ dI /dt

    dφ = 1.5x(20)

    = 30 Wb

    Hence, the change in the flux linkage is 30 Wb.

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