The latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to change water from solid ice to liquid water at its melting point, without changing its temperature. It is 334 kJ/kg.
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Temperature affects the state of water by influencing its phase transitions. Increasing temperature can cause ice to melt or water to evaporate, while decreasing temperature can lead to freezing or condensation of water vapor.
Deposition is the process where water vapor changes directly into solid ice without becoming liquid first. This occurs when water vapor loses energy and forms ice crystals, such as frost on cold surfaces.
Sublimation is the process where ice (solid water) directly transitions into water vapor (gas) without first becoming liquid. This occurs when ice absorbs enough energy to bypass the liquid phase.
Freezing is the process where liquid water turns into solid ice. When the temperature drops below 0°C, the water molecules lose energy, slowing down and forming a rigid structure known as ice.