Iltutmish secured formal recognition from the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad — a manshur (grant/letter) that legitimized his rule. This investiture was an important symbol of Islamic political legitimacy, giving Iltutmish religious sanction and enhancing his prestige among contemporaries and rival ...
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Genghis Khan told the leaders of a city he conquered, “I am the punishment of God. If you had not committed great sins, God would not have sent a punishment like me upon you”. His Mongol armies were often seen ...
Qutbuddin Aibak constructed the Dhai Din Ka Jhonpra Mosque in Ajmer after defeating Prithviraj Chauhan. Built on the site of an earlier structure, it is one of the oldest mosques in India. The mosque reflects a blend of early Indo-Islamic ...
Minhaj-us-Siraj praised Qutbuddin Aibak as “Hatimtai II” because of his legendary generosity. Hatimtai, an Arab figure renowned for charity, symbolized generosity. Aibak’s open-handed donations, support for scholars and kind disposition earned him this comparison, highlighting his benevolent nature. ANSWER: (A) ...
Mahmud Ghaznavi invaded India seventeen times between 1000 CE and 1027 CE. His campaigns targeted wealthy temples and kingdoms, especially in Punjab and Gujarat. The most famous attack was on the Somnath Temple. These invasions were mainly motivated by the ...