The real name of Mumtaz Mahal, the beloved wife of Emperor Shah Jahan, was Arjumand Bano Begum. Shah Jahan bestowed upon her the title Mumtaz Mahal (meaning ‘Jewel of the Palace’) after their marriage. Following her death in 1631, Shah ...
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The root cause of the prolonged conflict between the Shahs of Iran (Safavids) and the Mughal rulers was control over the strategically vital city and fortress of Kandahar. The city was the gateway to trade routes into Central Asia and ...
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq is reported to have died when the pavilion or wooden reception hall at Tughlaqabad/Afghanpur collapsed during a court ceremony or reception, an episode recorded by chroniclers that abruptly ended his rule and led to Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s succession. ...
The first Muslim invasion of Southern India occurred in 1296 CE. The raid on Devagiri, the capital of the Yadava kingdom ruled by Ramchandra, took place during the reign of Jalaluddin Firoz Khalji. The expedition itself was secretly planned and ...
Jalaluddin’s reign saw diverse incidents: accommodation or settlement of converted Mongols near Delhi, conspiracies and local rebellions and various political intrigues (including the Sidi Maula episode). Though some events overlap with neighbouring reigns, the cited incidents are generally associated with ...