Mahmud Ghaznavi proudly referred to himself as an “idol breaker” due to his repeated destruction of temples and religious idols during his campaigns in India, especially at Somnath. This title enhanced his religious image among his supporters. However, his underlying ...
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Mahmud Ghaznavi was the first prominent Turkic ruler to invade India in 1000 AD. His repeated attacks targeted wealthy temples and prosperous cities, enabling him to amass huge riches. Although he did not attempt permanent conquest, his invasions exposed India’s ...
Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan traveller and scholar who visited India during Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign in the 14th century. He served as the Qazi of Delhi and later wrote his famous travel account Rihla, describing India’s society, administration, culture ...
Alauddin Khilji was the first Sultan of Delhi to launch systematic campaigns into South India. His general Malik Kafur led expeditions against the Yadavas, Hoysalas, Kakatiyas and Pandyas. These campaigns brought immense wealth to the Delhi Sultanate and extended Alauddin’s ...
Razia Sultan was the first and only Muslim woman ruler of Delhi. Chosen by her father Iltutmish because of her intelligence and leadership qualities, she ruled from 1236 to 1240 AD. Razia tried to establish a strong administration, but opposition ...