Muhammad Shah ‘Rangila’ was the last Mughal emperor to sit on the Peacock Throne (Takht-e-Taus). The legendary throne, along with the Koh-i-Noor diamond, was looted by the Persian invader Nadir Shah during his sack of Delhi in 1739. Nadir Shah ...
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Patna was made the provincial capital by the Afghan ruler Sher Shah Suri. He recognized the strategic importance of the site, which stood at the junction of several major rivers. Sher Shah renovated and fortified the city in 1541, renaming ...
The modern Indian historian A. L. Srivastava called Shah Jahan’s reign the ‘Golden Age’ of the Mughal period. This designation is primarily due to the unparalleled flourishing of art and architecture, notably the construction of the Taj Mahal and the ...
Emperor Aurangzeb was responsible for the death of the ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur. The Guru was arrested and publicly executed in Delhi in 1675 on Aurangzeb’s orders, reportedly for refusing to convert to Islam. His martyrdom led to ...
In Mughal administration, a district was known as a Sarkar. The empire was divided into Subas (provinces), which were further sub-divided into Sarkars. The Sarkar was the chief administrative and revenue unit, headed by the Faujdar (military commander) and the ...