To calculate the power generated by the turbine, we follow these steps: Step 1: Calculate the total power available due to falling water The power available is given by: Power = m × g × h Where: - m = mass flow rate of water = 15 kg/s - g = acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s² - h = height = 60 m SRead more
To calculate the power generated by the turbine, we follow these steps:
Step 1: Calculate the total power available due to falling water
The power available is given by:
Power = m × g × h
Where:
– m = mass flow rate of water = 15 kg/s
– g = acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s²
– h = height = 60 m
Substitute the values:
Power = 15 × 10 × 60
Power = 9000 W
Power = 9 kW
Step 2: Loss due to frictional forces
Since 10% of the energy is lost due to frictional forces, the effective power output would be
Effective Power = Total Power (1 − Loss Percentage)
Effective Power = 9 kW (1 − 0.1)
Effective Power = 9 kW × 0.9
Effective Power = 8.1 kW
The amount of power generated by the turbine is 8.1 kW.
To find the maximum speed of the child on the swing, we use the principle of conservation of energy. The total mechanical energy is conserved, so the loss in potential energy is converted to kinetic energy at the lowest point. Step 1: Calculate the change in potential energy The difference in heightRead more
To find the maximum speed of the child on the swing, we use the principle of conservation of energy. The total mechanical energy is conserved, so the loss in potential energy is converted to kinetic energy at the lowest point.
Step 1: Calculate the change in potential energy
The difference in height between the maximum and minimum positions is:
h = Maximum height − Minimum height
h = 2 m − 0.75 m
h = 1.25 m
Step 2: Apply conservation of energy law
At the highest point all the energy will be potential. At the lowest point, it will be the kinetic energy where the potential is converted into this kinetic energy.
K.E = P.E.
(1/2)mv² = mgh
Given:
– m = mass of child (gets eliminated on both the sides)
g = acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s²
h = height = 1.25 m
– v = maximum speed
Rearrange the equation to find v:
v² = 2gh
v = √(2gh)
Substitute the values:
nv = √(2 × 10 × 1.25)
nv = √(25)
nv = 5 m/s
The maximum speed of the child on the swing is 5 m/s.
To calculate the work done overcoming the resistance of air, we will need to determine the change in kinetic energy. Step 1: Write down the formula for work done The work done by air resistance is equal to the loss in the kinetic energy of the bullet. The formula for kinetic energy is: K.E. = (1/2)Read more
To calculate the work done overcoming the resistance of air, we will need to determine the change in kinetic energy.
Step 1: Write down the formula for work done
The work done by air resistance is equal to the loss in the kinetic energy of the bullet. The formula for kinetic energy is:
K.E. = (1/2) m v²
Where:
– m = mass of the bullet = 10 g = 0.01 kg
– v = velocity of the bullet (initial and final)
Step 2: Calculate the initial and final kinetic energies
Initial velocity, u = 100 m/s
Final velocity, v = 500 m/s
To calculate the percentage change in momentum when the kinetic energy increases by 300%, let’s use the relationship between kinetic energy and momentum. Step 1: Relationship between kinetic energy and momentum Kinetic energy (K.E.) is given by: K.E. = (1/2) m v² Momentum (p) is given by: p = m v WeRead more
To calculate the percentage change in momentum when the kinetic energy increases by 300%, let’s use the relationship between kinetic energy and momentum.
Step 1: Relationship between kinetic energy and momentum
Kinetic energy (K.E.) is given by:
K.E. = (1/2) m v²
Momentum (p) is given by:
p = m v
We know:
K.E. = p² / (2m)
Step 2: Express the relationship between K.E. and p
Rearranging:
p² = 2m K.E.
Step 3: Analyze the change in K.E.
If kinetic energy increases by 300%, then the new K.E. is:
New K.E. = Initial K.E. × (1 + 300/100)
New K.E. = 4 × Initial K.E.
.
Step 4: Calculate the change in momentum
From the relationship (p² ∝ K.E.):
If K.E. increases by a factor of 4, then:
New p = √(4 × Initial p²)
New p = 2 × Initial p
Thus, momentum increases by 100%.
For a relation between the linear momenta of the two bodies moving with equal kinetic energies, we use the relation of kinetic energy with momentum. Step 1: Kinetic energy and momentum relation The kinetic energy K.E. is related to the momentum p by, Kinetic energy = p2 / (2m) Now, rearranging in teRead more
For a relation between the linear momenta of the two bodies moving with equal kinetic energies, we use the relation of kinetic energy with momentum.
Step 1: Kinetic energy and momentum relation
The kinetic energy K.E. is related to the momentum p by,
Kinetic energy = p2 / (2m)
Now, rearranging in terms of momentum we get,
p = √(2m × K.E.)
Step 2: Given
For the two bodies
Mass of the first body = m
Mass of the second body = 4m
– Both have the same kinetic energy.
Let the kinetic energy of both bodies be \\( K.E. \\).
Step 3: Calculate the momentum of each body
For the first body:
p₁ = √(2m × K.E.)
For the second body:
p₂ = √(2 × 4m × K.E.) = √(8m × K.E.)
Step 4: Find the ratio of momenta
The ratio of their momenta is:
p₁ : p₂ = √(2m × K.E.) : √(8m × K.E.)
p₁ : p₂ = √2 : √8
p₁ : p₂ = 1 : 2
In the case where a shell in flight breaks into four unequal parts, we consider the conservation laws that apply: 1. Momentum: The momentum of the system is conserved in the absence of external forces. Before the explosion, the shell has a certain momentum, and after the explosion, the total momentuRead more
In the case where a shell in flight breaks into four unequal parts, we consider the conservation laws that apply:
1. Momentum: The momentum of the system is conserved in the absence of external forces. Before the explosion, the shell has a certain momentum, and after the explosion, the total momentum of all the parts will equal the initial momentum of the shell.
2. Kinetic Energy: Kinetic energy is not necessarily conserved in explosions or inelastic collisions. When the shell explodes, some of the energy is transformed into other forms (like sound, heat, etc.), so the total kinetic energy after the explosion will not equal the kinetic energy before the explosion.
3. Potential Energy: In this situation, neither potential energy is preserved, particularly when the explosion causes a change in the height of the parts.
To calculate the loss in kinetic energy due to the collision, we first calculate the initial and final kinetic energies of the system. Step 1: Convert initial speed to m/s Initial speed of the moving ball = 36 km/h Speed in m/s = (36 × 1000) / (60 × 60) = 10 m/s Step 2: Calculate the initial kineticRead more
To calculate the loss in kinetic energy due to the collision, we first calculate the initial and final kinetic energies of the system.
Step 1: Convert initial speed to m/s
Initial speed of the moving ball = 36 km/h
Speed in m/s = (36 × 1000) / (60 × 60) = 10 m/s
Step 2: Calculate the initial kinetic energy (K.E.) of the system
Only the first ball is moving initially, so:
Initial K.E. = (1/2) m₁ v₁²
Where:
– m₁ = 2 kg (the moving ball mass)
– v₁ = 10 m/s (the velocity of the moving ball)
Initial K.E. = (1/2) × 2 × (10)²
Initial K.E. = 100 J
.
Step 3: Calculating the resulting velocity of the merged mass
Immediately after impact, the balls have merged as a single object mass
– Total mass = m₁ + m₂ = 2 kg + 3 kg = 5 kg
Applying the law of conservation of momentum:
Initial momentum = Final momentum
m₁ v₁ + m₂ v₂ = (m₁ + m₂) v
where:
– v₂ = 0 (a stationary ball)
Substitute:
(2 x 10) + (3 x 0) = 5v
20 = 5v
v = 4 m/s
Step 4: Find the final kinetic energy of the system (K.E.)
Final K.E. = (1/2) (m₁ + m₂) v²
Final K.E. = (1/2) × 5 × (4)²
Final K.E. = (1/2) × 5 × 16
Final K.E. = 40 J
Step 5: Calculate the loss in kinetic energy
Loss in K.E. = Initial K.E. − Final K.E.
Loss in K.E. = 100 J − 40 J
Loss in K.E. = 60 J
Final Answer:
Loss in kinetic energy due to collision is 60 J.
We use the formula for efficiency of a pulley system: Efficiency = (Useful Work Output / Total Work Input) × 100 Step 1: Calculate Useful Work Output Useful work output is the work done in lifting the load. It is given by: Useful Work Output = Force × Distance lifted Where, - Force or weight of theRead more
We use the formula for efficiency of a pulley system:
Efficiency = (Useful Work Output / Total Work Input) × 100
Step 1: Calculate Useful Work Output
Useful work output is the work done in lifting the load. It is given by:
Useful Work Output = Force × Distance lifted
Where,
– Force or weight of the load = mass × gravitational acceleration
– Weight of the load = 75 kg × 9.8 m/s² = 735 N
– Distance lifted = 3 m
Therefore, the useful work output is:
Work Output = 735 N × 3 m = 2205 J
Step 2: Calculate Total Work Input
The total work input is the work done in pulling the rope. This is calculated as:
Total Work Input = Force applied × Distance pulled
Where:
– Force applied = 250 N
– Distance pulled = 12 m
Therefore, the total work input is:
Work Input = 250 N × 12 m = 3000 J
Step 3: Calculate Efficiency
Now, we can find the efficiency:
Efficiency = (Work Output / Work Input) × 100
Efficiency = (2205 J / 3000 J) × 100 ≈ 73.5%
The closest option is 75%.
To determine how much water a 2 kW pump can raise in one minute to a height of 10 m, we can use the formula for power: P = W / t Step 1: Calculate Work Done The work done to raise water to a height h is given by: W = mgh Where: - m is the mass of the water in kilograms (kg) - g is the acceleration dRead more
To determine how much water a 2 kW pump can raise in one minute to a height of 10 m, we can use the formula for power:
P = W / t
Step 1: Calculate Work Done
The work done to raise water to a height h is given by:
W = mgh
Where:
– m is the mass of the water in kilograms (kg)
– g is the acceleration due to gravity (10 m/s²)
– h is the height in meters (10 m)
Step 2: Convert Power to Work Done in One Minute
Given:
– Power, P = 2 kW = 2000 W
– Time, t = 1 minute = 60 s
Now calculate the work done:
W = P × t
W = 2000 W × 60 s
W = 120000 J
Step 3: Calculate the Mass of Water
Now we can use the work done to calculate the mass of water:
W = mgh => m = W / (gh)
Substitute known values:
m = 120000 J / (10 m/s² × 10 m)
m = 120000 / 100
m = 1200 kg
Step 4: Convert Mass to Volume
Knowing that the density of water is around 1000 kg/m³, the volume V of water lifted will be:
V = m / density
V = 1200 kg / (1000 kg/m³)
V = 1.2 m³
Converting the above value to cubic meters into liters:
Since,
1 m³ = 1000 liters,
V = 1.2 m³ × 1000 liters/m³
V = 1200 liters
Final Answer:
In one minute, the pump is able to pump 1200 liters of water up a height of 10 m.
To determine the potential energy in a stretched spring, we have the formula for elastic potential energy: U = (1/2) k x² Where: - U is the potential energy - k is the spring constant - x is the extension (or compression) of the spring from its equilibrium position Given: - When the spring is stretcRead more
To determine the potential energy in a stretched spring, we have the formula for elastic potential energy:
U = (1/2) k x²
Where:
– U is the potential energy
– k is the spring constant
– x is the extension (or compression) of the spring from its equilibrium position
Given:
– When the spring is stretched by x₁ = 2 cm:
U = (1/2) k (2 cm)² = (1/2) k (0.02 m)²
– When the spring is stretched by x₂ = 8 cm:
U’ = (1/2) k (8 cm)² = (1/2) k (0.08 m)²
Step 1: Calculate the ratio of potential energies
We are required to find the ratio of the potential energies when stretched by 8 cm compared to when stretched by 2 cm:
(U’) / (U) = [(1/2) k (0.08 m)²] / [(1/2) k (0.02 m)²] = [(0.08)²] / [(0.02)²]
Water falls from a height of 60 m at the rate 15 kg/s to operate a turbine. The losses due to frictional forces are 10 % of energy. How much power is generated by the turbine? Take g = 10 m / s².
To calculate the power generated by the turbine, we follow these steps: Step 1: Calculate the total power available due to falling water The power available is given by: Power = m × g × h Where: - m = mass flow rate of water = 15 kg/s - g = acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s² - h = height = 60 m SRead more
To calculate the power generated by the turbine, we follow these steps:
Step 1: Calculate the total power available due to falling water
The power available is given by:
Power = m × g × h
Where:
– m = mass flow rate of water = 15 kg/s
– g = acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s²
– h = height = 60 m
Substitute the values:
Power = 15 × 10 × 60
Power = 9000 W
Power = 9 kW
Step 2: Loss due to frictional forces
Since 10% of the energy is lost due to frictional forces, the effective power output would be
Effective Power = Total Power (1 − Loss Percentage)
Effective Power = 9 kW (1 − 0.1)
Effective Power = 9 kW × 0.9
Effective Power = 8.1 kW
The amount of power generated by the turbine is 8.1 kW.
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A child is sitting on a swing. Its minimum and maximum heights from the ground 0.75 m and 2 m respectively, its maximum speed will be
To find the maximum speed of the child on the swing, we use the principle of conservation of energy. The total mechanical energy is conserved, so the loss in potential energy is converted to kinetic energy at the lowest point. Step 1: Calculate the change in potential energy The difference in heightRead more
To find the maximum speed of the child on the swing, we use the principle of conservation of energy. The total mechanical energy is conserved, so the loss in potential energy is converted to kinetic energy at the lowest point.
Step 1: Calculate the change in potential energy
The difference in height between the maximum and minimum positions is:
h = Maximum height − Minimum height
h = 2 m − 0.75 m
h = 1.25 m
Step 2: Apply conservation of energy law
At the highest point all the energy will be potential. At the lowest point, it will be the kinetic energy where the potential is converted into this kinetic energy.
K.E = P.E.
(1/2)mv² = mgh
Given:
– m = mass of child (gets eliminated on both the sides)
g = acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s²
h = height = 1.25 m
– v = maximum speed
Rearrange the equation to find v:
v² = 2gh
v = √(2gh)
Substitute the values:
nv = √(2 × 10 × 1.25)
nv = √(25)
nv = 5 m/s
The maximum speed of the child on the swing is 5 m/s.
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A bullet of mass 10 g leaves a rifle at an initial velocity of 100 m/s and strikes the earth at the same level with a velocity of 500 m/s. The work done in joule overcoming the resistance of air will be
To calculate the work done overcoming the resistance of air, we will need to determine the change in kinetic energy. Step 1: Write down the formula for work done The work done by air resistance is equal to the loss in the kinetic energy of the bullet. The formula for kinetic energy is: K.E. = (1/2)Read more
To calculate the work done overcoming the resistance of air, we will need to determine the change in kinetic energy.
Step 1: Write down the formula for work done
The work done by air resistance is equal to the loss in the kinetic energy of the bullet. The formula for kinetic energy is:
K.E. = (1/2) m v²
Where:
– m = mass of the bullet = 10 g = 0.01 kg
– v = velocity of the bullet (initial and final)
Step 2: Calculate the initial and final kinetic energies
Initial velocity, u = 100 m/s
Final velocity, v = 500 m/s
Initial kinetic energy:
K.E.₁ = (1/2) m u²
K.E.₁ = (1/2) × 0.01 × (100)²
K.E.₁ = 0.005 × 10000
K.E.₁ = 50 J
Final kinetic energy:
K.E.₂ = (1/2) m v²
K.E.₂ = (1/2) × 0.01 × (500)²
K.E.₂ = 0.005 × 250000
K.E.₂ = 1250 J
Step 3: Find the work done
The work done in overcoming air resistance is the difference in kinetic energy:
Work done = K.E.₂ − K.E.₁
Work done = 1250 − 50
Work done = 1200 J
The work done in overcoming the resistance of air is 1200 J.
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If kinetic energy of a body is increased by 300% then percentage change in momentum will be
To calculate the percentage change in momentum when the kinetic energy increases by 300%, let’s use the relationship between kinetic energy and momentum. Step 1: Relationship between kinetic energy and momentum Kinetic energy (K.E.) is given by: K.E. = (1/2) m v² Momentum (p) is given by: p = m v WeRead more
To calculate the percentage change in momentum when the kinetic energy increases by 300%, let’s use the relationship between kinetic energy and momentum.
Step 1: Relationship between kinetic energy and momentum
Kinetic energy (K.E.) is given by:
K.E. = (1/2) m v²
Momentum (p) is given by:
p = m v
We know:
K.E. = p² / (2m)
Step 2: Express the relationship between K.E. and p
Rearranging:
p² = 2m K.E.
Step 3: Analyze the change in K.E.
If kinetic energy increases by 300%, then the new K.E. is:
New K.E. = Initial K.E. × (1 + 300/100)
New K.E. = 4 × Initial K.E.
.
Step 4: Calculate the change in momentum
From the relationship (p² ∝ K.E.):
If K.E. increases by a factor of 4, then:
New p = √(4 × Initial p²)
New p = 2 × Initial p
Thus, momentum increases by 100%.
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Two bodies of masses m and 4m. are moving with equal kinetic energies. The ratio of their linear momenta is
For a relation between the linear momenta of the two bodies moving with equal kinetic energies, we use the relation of kinetic energy with momentum. Step 1: Kinetic energy and momentum relation The kinetic energy K.E. is related to the momentum p by, Kinetic energy = p2 / (2m) Now, rearranging in teRead more
For a relation between the linear momenta of the two bodies moving with equal kinetic energies, we use the relation of kinetic energy with momentum.
Step 1: Kinetic energy and momentum relation
The kinetic energy K.E. is related to the momentum p by,
Kinetic energy = p2 / (2m)
Now, rearranging in terms of momentum we get,
p = √(2m × K.E.)
Step 2: Given
For the two bodies
Mass of the first body = m
Mass of the second body = 4m
– Both have the same kinetic energy.
Let the kinetic energy of both bodies be \\( K.E. \\).
Step 3: Calculate the momentum of each body
For the first body:
p₁ = √(2m × K.E.)
For the second body:
p₂ = √(2 × 4m × K.E.) = √(8m × K.E.)
Step 4: Find the ratio of momenta
The ratio of their momenta is:
p₁ : p₂ = √(2m × K.E.) : √(8m × K.E.)
p₁ : p₂ = √2 : √8
p₁ : p₂ = 1 : 2
The ratio of their linear momenta is: 1 : 2
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A shell, in flight, explodes into four unequal parts. Which of the following is conserved?
In the case where a shell in flight breaks into four unequal parts, we consider the conservation laws that apply: 1. Momentum: The momentum of the system is conserved in the absence of external forces. Before the explosion, the shell has a certain momentum, and after the explosion, the total momentuRead more
In the case where a shell in flight breaks into four unequal parts, we consider the conservation laws that apply:
1. Momentum: The momentum of the system is conserved in the absence of external forces. Before the explosion, the shell has a certain momentum, and after the explosion, the total momentum of all the parts will equal the initial momentum of the shell.
2. Kinetic Energy: Kinetic energy is not necessarily conserved in explosions or inelastic collisions. When the shell explodes, some of the energy is transformed into other forms (like sound, heat, etc.), so the total kinetic energy after the explosion will not equal the kinetic energy before the explosion.
3. Potential Energy: In this situation, neither potential energy is preserved, particularly when the explosion causes a change in the height of the parts.
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A metal ball of mass 2 kg moving with speed of 36 km/h has a head on collision with a stationary ball of mass 3 kg. If after collision, both the balls move as a single mass, then the loss in K.E. due to collision is
To calculate the loss in kinetic energy due to the collision, we first calculate the initial and final kinetic energies of the system. Step 1: Convert initial speed to m/s Initial speed of the moving ball = 36 km/h Speed in m/s = (36 × 1000) / (60 × 60) = 10 m/s Step 2: Calculate the initial kineticRead more
To calculate the loss in kinetic energy due to the collision, we first calculate the initial and final kinetic energies of the system.
Step 1: Convert initial speed to m/s
Initial speed of the moving ball = 36 km/h
Speed in m/s = (36 × 1000) / (60 × 60) = 10 m/s
Step 2: Calculate the initial kinetic energy (K.E.) of the system
Only the first ball is moving initially, so:
Initial K.E. = (1/2) m₁ v₁²
Where:
– m₁ = 2 kg (the moving ball mass)
– v₁ = 10 m/s (the velocity of the moving ball)
Initial K.E. = (1/2) × 2 × (10)²
Initial K.E. = 100 J
.
Step 3: Calculating the resulting velocity of the merged mass
Immediately after impact, the balls have merged as a single object mass
– Total mass = m₁ + m₂ = 2 kg + 3 kg = 5 kg
Applying the law of conservation of momentum:
Initial momentum = Final momentum
m₁ v₁ + m₂ v₂ = (m₁ + m₂) v
where:
– v₂ = 0 (a stationary ball)
Substitute:
(2 x 10) + (3 x 0) = 5v
20 = 5v
v = 4 m/s
Step 4: Find the final kinetic energy of the system (K.E.)
Final K.E. = (1/2) (m₁ + m₂) v²
Final K.E. = (1/2) × 5 × (4)²
Final K.E. = (1/2) × 5 × 16
Final K.E. = 40 J
Step 5: Calculate the loss in kinetic energy
Loss in K.E. = Initial K.E. − Final K.E.
Loss in K.E. = 100 J − 40 J
Loss in K.E. = 60 J
Final Answer:
Loss in kinetic energy due to collision is 60 J.
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250 N force is required to raise 75 kg mass from a pulley. If rope is pulled 12 m, then the load is lifted to 3 m, the efficiency of pulley system will be
We use the formula for efficiency of a pulley system: Efficiency = (Useful Work Output / Total Work Input) × 100 Step 1: Calculate Useful Work Output Useful work output is the work done in lifting the load. It is given by: Useful Work Output = Force × Distance lifted Where, - Force or weight of theRead more
We use the formula for efficiency of a pulley system:
Efficiency = (Useful Work Output / Total Work Input) × 100
Step 1: Calculate Useful Work Output
Useful work output is the work done in lifting the load. It is given by:
Useful Work Output = Force × Distance lifted
Where,
– Force or weight of the load = mass × gravitational acceleration
– Weight of the load = 75 kg × 9.8 m/s² = 735 N
– Distance lifted = 3 m
Therefore, the useful work output is:
Work Output = 735 N × 3 m = 2205 J
Step 2: Calculate Total Work Input
The total work input is the work done in pulling the rope. This is calculated as:
Total Work Input = Force applied × Distance pulled
Where:
– Force applied = 250 N
– Distance pulled = 12 m
Therefore, the total work input is:
Work Input = 250 N × 12 m = 3000 J
Step 3: Calculate Efficiency
Now, we can find the efficiency:
Efficiency = (Work Output / Work Input) × 100
Efficiency = (2205 J / 3000 J) × 100 ≈ 73.5%
The closest option is 75%.
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How much water a pump of 2 kW can raise in one minute to a height of 10 m? (take g = 10m /s²)
To determine how much water a 2 kW pump can raise in one minute to a height of 10 m, we can use the formula for power: P = W / t Step 1: Calculate Work Done The work done to raise water to a height h is given by: W = mgh Where: - m is the mass of the water in kilograms (kg) - g is the acceleration dRead more
To determine how much water a 2 kW pump can raise in one minute to a height of 10 m, we can use the formula for power:
P = W / t
Step 1: Calculate Work Done
The work done to raise water to a height h is given by:
W = mgh
Where:
– m is the mass of the water in kilograms (kg)
– g is the acceleration due to gravity (10 m/s²)
– h is the height in meters (10 m)
Step 2: Convert Power to Work Done in One Minute
Given:
– Power, P = 2 kW = 2000 W
– Time, t = 1 minute = 60 s
Now calculate the work done:
W = P × t
W = 2000 W × 60 s
W = 120000 J
Step 3: Calculate the Mass of Water
Now we can use the work done to calculate the mass of water:
W = mgh => m = W / (gh)
Substitute known values:
m = 120000 J / (10 m/s² × 10 m)
m = 120000 / 100
m = 1200 kg
Step 4: Convert Mass to Volume
Knowing that the density of water is around 1000 kg/m³, the volume V of water lifted will be:
V = m / density
V = 1200 kg / (1000 kg/m³)
V = 1.2 m³
Converting the above value to cubic meters into liters:
Since,
1 m³ = 1000 liters,
V = 1.2 m³ × 1000 liters/m³
V = 1200 liters
Final Answer:
In one minute, the pump is able to pump 1200 liters of water up a height of 10 m.
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The potential energy of a long spring when stretched by 2 cm is U. If the spring is stretched by 8 cm, the potential energy stored in it is
To determine the potential energy in a stretched spring, we have the formula for elastic potential energy: U = (1/2) k x² Where: - U is the potential energy - k is the spring constant - x is the extension (or compression) of the spring from its equilibrium position Given: - When the spring is stretcRead more
To determine the potential energy in a stretched spring, we have the formula for elastic potential energy:
U = (1/2) k x²
Where:
– U is the potential energy
– k is the spring constant
– x is the extension (or compression) of the spring from its equilibrium position
Given:
– When the spring is stretched by x₁ = 2 cm:
U = (1/2) k (2 cm)² = (1/2) k (0.02 m)²
– When the spring is stretched by x₂ = 8 cm:
U’ = (1/2) k (8 cm)² = (1/2) k (0.08 m)²
Step 1: Calculate the ratio of potential energies
We are required to find the ratio of the potential energies when stretched by 8 cm compared to when stretched by 2 cm:
(U’) / (U) = [(1/2) k (0.08 m)²] / [(1/2) k (0.02 m)²] = [(0.08)²] / [(0.02)²]
Step 2: Simplify the ratio
Compute the squares:
(U’) / (U) = [(0.08)²] / [(0.02)²] = [0.0064] / [0.0004] = 16
Conclusion
The potential energy in the spring stretched by 8 cm is given by:
U’ = 16 U
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