1. This answer was edited.

    Gandhi said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association due to following reasons : (i) After the revolt of 1857, as the vernacular press became assertively nationalist, the colonial government tried to control it. Thus in 1878, the VernaculRead more

    Gandhi said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and
    freedom of association due to following reasons :
    (i) After the revolt of 1857, as the vernacular press became assertively nationalist, the colonial government tried to control it. Thus in 1878, the Vernacular Press Act was passed. The government now could censor reports and editorials in the vernacular press. The government could seize the press and confiscate the printing machinery.
    (ii) When Punjab revolutionaries were deported in 1907, BaI Gangadhar Tilak wrote with great sympathy about them in his Kesari. This led to his imprisonment in 1908. There were widespread protests all over India.
    (iii) During the First World War under the Defense of India Rules, 22 newspapers had to furnish securities. Of these, 18 shut down rather than comply with government orders.
    (iv) Similarly during the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement, the Government of
    India was trying to crush the three powerful vehicles of expressing and cultivating public opinion. So, Gandhi stated that the fight for Swaraj and for Khilafat was a fight for this threatened freedom of the Indians.

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  2. The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an index of Prohibited Books from the mid-sixteenth century because the print and popular religious literature encouraged many distinctive individual interpretations of faith even among little-educated working people. For example, Manocchio, a miller in Italy,Read more

    The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an index of Prohibited Books from the
    mid-sixteenth century because the print and popular religious literature encouraged many distinctive individual interpretations of faith even among little-educated working people. For example, Manocchio, a miller in Italy, after reading some books available in his locality, reinterpreted the message of the Bible and formulated a view of god and creation that enraged the Roman Catholic Church. Various types of questions were raised against the faith and the Church. Manocchio was hauled up twice and ultimately executed. As the Roman Catholic Church was troubled by such writings, it imposed severe controls over publishers and began to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558.

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  3. The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an index of Prohibited Books from the mid-sixteenth century because the print and popular religious literature encouraged many distinctive individual interpretations of faith even among little-educated working people. For example, Manocchio, a miller in Italy,Read more

    The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an index of Prohibited Books from the
    mid-sixteenth century because the print and popular religious literature encouraged many distinctive individual interpretations of faith even among little-educated working people. For example, Manocchio, a miller in Italy, after reading some books available in his locality, reinterpreted the message of the Bible and formulated a view of god and creation that enraged the Roman Catholic Church. Various types of questions were raised against the faith and the Church. Manocchio was hauled up twice and ultimately executed. As the Roman Catholic Church was troubled by such writings, it imposed severe controls over publishers and began to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558.

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  4. Martin Luther was a religious reformer. He wrote Ninety-Five Theses criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. His writings were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely. 5000 copies of Luther's translation of the New Testament were sold within a few weRead more

    Martin Luther was a religious reformer. He wrote Ninety-Five Theses criticising
    many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. His writings were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely. 5000 copies of Luther’s translation of the New Testament were sold within a few weeks and second edition appeared. within three months. All this happened due to printing technology. Martin Luther was in favour of print. He was grateful to it and said, ‘Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one’. He, therefore praised it. Actually printing technology helped spread the new ideas that led to the Reformation.

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  5. The earliest kind of print technology woodblock printing had been used in China since AD 594. For centuries, silk and spices from China were sent to Europe through silk routes. Paper also reached Europe through the same route. In 1295 Marco Polo, a great explorer, returned to Italy after many yearsRead more

    The earliest kind of print technology woodblock printing had been used in China
    since AD 594. For centuries, silk and spices from China were sent to Europe through silk routes. Paper also reached Europe through the same route. In 1295 Marco Polo, a great explorer, returned to Italy after many years of exploration in China. He brought the woodblock print technology with him. The Italians began producing books with woodblocks and soon the technology spread to other parts of Europe.

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