The Dutch followed ‘a scorched earth’ policy, destroying sawmills, and burning huge piles of giant teak logs so that they would not fall into Japanese hands'
The Dutch followed ‘a scorched earth’ policy, destroying sawmills, and burning huge
piles of giant teak logs so that they would not fall into Japanese hands’
(i) Many pastoralists and nomadic communities like the Korava, Karacha and Yerukula of the Madras Presidency lost their livelihoods. (ii) Some of them began to be called criminal tribes'.
(i) Many pastoralists and nomadic communities like the Korava, Karacha and Yerukula
of the Madras Presidency lost their livelihoods.
(ii) Some of them began to be called criminal tribes’.
In shifting cultivation, parts of the forest are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains, and the crop is harvested by October-November.
In shifting cultivation, parts of the forest are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains, and the crop is harvested by October-November.
Villagers wanted forests with a mixture of species to satisfy their needs - fuel, fodder and leaves. The foresters wanted trees which were suitable for building ships or railways.
Villagers wanted forests with a mixture of species to satisfy their needs – fuel, fodder and leaves. The foresters wanted trees which were suitable for building ships or railways.
Forest Act of 1878 divided forests into three categories: reserved, protected and village forests. The villagers could not take any things from reserved forests"
Forest Act of 1878 divided forests into three categories: reserved, protected and
village forests. The villagers could not take any things from reserved forests”
Mention one way for conservation of forests in India.
In India, dense forests have survived only because villages protected them in sacred groves known as saran’s, devarakudu, kan, rai etc.
In India, dense forests have survived only because villages protected them in sacred
See lessgroves known as saran’s, devarakudu, kan, rai etc.
Before the Japanese occupation of Java what policy was adopted by the Dutch?
The Dutch followed ‘a scorched earth’ policy, destroying sawmills, and burning huge piles of giant teak logs so that they would not fall into Japanese hands'
The Dutch followed ‘a scorched earth’ policy, destroying sawmills, and burning huge
See lesspiles of giant teak logs so that they would not fall into Japanese hands’
How did Samin question the state ownership of the forest?
Samin argued that the state had not created the wind, water, earth and wood, so it could not own it.
Samin argued that the state had not created the wind, water, earth and wood, so it could not own it.
See lessWhat was the main object of the introduction of a forest service in Java?
The need to manage forests for shipbuilding and railways led to the introduction of a forest service.
The need to manage forests for shipbuilding and railways led to the introduction of a forest service.
See lessWhat was the object of Dutch management of forests in Java?
The object of Dutch management of forests was to get timber for building ships.
The object of Dutch management of forests was to get timber for building ships.
See lessWhat was the condition on which some villages were allowed to stay on in the reserved forests?
The condition was that they worked free for the forest department in cutting and transporting trees and protecting the forests from fires.
The condition was that they worked free for the forest department in cutting and
See lesstransporting trees and protecting the forests from fires.
Mention two effects of Forest Acts on the pastoralists.
(i) Many pastoralists and nomadic communities like the Korava, Karacha and Yerukula of the Madras Presidency lost their livelihoods. (ii) Some of them began to be called criminal tribes'.
(i) Many pastoralists and nomadic communities like the Korava, Karacha and Yerukula
See lessof the Madras Presidency lost their livelihoods.
(ii) Some of them began to be called criminal tribes’.
What is shifting cultivation?
In shifting cultivation, parts of the forest are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains, and the crop is harvested by October-November.
In shifting cultivation, parts of the forest are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains, and the crop is harvested by October-November.
See lessWhat was the main difference between the foresters and villagers about the ideas of a good forest?
Villagers wanted forests with a mixture of species to satisfy their needs - fuel, fodder and leaves. The foresters wanted trees which were suitable for building ships or railways.
Villagers wanted forests with a mixture of species to satisfy their needs – fuel, fodder and leaves. The foresters wanted trees which were suitable for building ships or railways.
See lessWhat was Forest Act of 1878?
Forest Act of 1878 divided forests into three categories: reserved, protected and village forests. The villagers could not take any things from reserved forests"
Forest Act of 1878 divided forests into three categories: reserved, protected and
See lessvillage forests. The villagers could not take any things from reserved forests”