1. The waxy, water-resistant layer secreted by epidermal cells on aerial parts of the plant prevents water loss, protects against mechanical injury, and guards against invasion by parasitic fungi, thereby ensuring the plant's survival and health in various environments.

    The waxy, water-resistant layer secreted by epidermal cells on aerial parts of the plant prevents water loss, protects against mechanical injury, and guards against invasion by parasitic fungi, thereby ensuring the plant’s survival and health in various environments.

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  2. In very dry habitats, the epidermis might be thicker to enhance protection against water loss. This thicker layer reduces water evaporation, helping the plant conserve moisture and survive in arid conditions.

    In very dry habitats, the epidermis might be thicker to enhance protection against water loss. This thicker layer reduces water evaporation, helping the plant conserve moisture and survive in arid conditions.

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  3. Sclerenchyma is a type of permanent tissue in plants that provides structural support. The cells are dead, with thickened walls due to lignin, making plant parts hard and stiff, such as stems, seed coverings, and nut shells.

    Sclerenchyma is a type of permanent tissue in plants that provides structural support. The cells are dead, with thickened walls due to lignin, making plant parts hard and stiff, such as stems, seed coverings, and nut shells.

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  4. There is often no internal space inside sclerenchyma cells because their walls are heavily thickened with lignin. This thickening strengthens the cell walls, providing rigidity and structural support to the plant, making it hard and stiff.

    There is often no internal space inside sclerenchyma cells because their walls are heavily thickened with lignin. This thickening strengthens the cell walls, providing rigidity and structural support to the plant, making it hard and stiff.

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  5. Sclerenchyma tissue can be found in stems, around vascular bundles, in the veins of leaves, and in the hard coverings of seeds and nuts. It provides strength and structural support to various plant parts.

    Sclerenchyma tissue can be found in stems, around vascular bundles, in the veins of leaves, and in the hard coverings of seeds and nuts. It provides strength and structural support to various plant parts.

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