1. The absence of the twinkling effect for planets is influenced by their proximity to Earth. Unlike distant stars, planets appear as extended disks due to their relatively close distance. This larger apparent size makes them act as extended sources of light, averaging out the atmospheric turbulence efRead more

    The absence of the twinkling effect for planets is influenced by their proximity to Earth. Unlike distant stars, planets appear as extended disks due to their relatively close distance. This larger apparent size makes them act as extended sources of light, averaging out the atmospheric turbulence effects. The scattered light from the planetary disk results in a steadier illumination. Additionally, the planets’ proximity minimizes the impact of Earth’s atmosphere on their perceived brightness, reducing the fluctuations in light intensity. Overall, the combination of their disk-like appearance and closer proximity contributes to the absence of the twinkling effect when observing planets.

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  2. The configuration of planets, consisting of numerous point-sized sources of light, results in the cancellation of the twinkling effect due to the law of averages. Unlike individual stars with point-like appearances, planets exhibit extended disks when viewed from Earth. The combined light from the nRead more

    The configuration of planets, consisting of numerous point-sized sources of light, results in the cancellation of the twinkling effect due to the law of averages. Unlike individual stars with point-like appearances, planets exhibit extended disks when viewed from Earth. The combined light from the numerous points on the planetary disk acts as an averaged-out source. Variations in brightness caused by atmospheric turbulence affecting one point get compensated by other points, leading to a more stable overall illumination. This averaging effect, stemming from the collective nature of the planetary light source, diminishes the twinkling observed in point-like sources like stars.

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  3. The Sun is visible to us about 2 minutes before sunrise and after sunset due to atmospheric refraction. As the Sun is below the horizon, its light bends as it passes through Earth's atmosphere. This bending causes the Sun to appear slightly higher in the sky than its geometric position. Before sunriRead more

    The Sun is visible to us about 2 minutes before sunrise and after sunset due to atmospheric refraction. As the Sun is below the horizon, its light bends as it passes through Earth’s atmosphere. This bending causes the Sun to appear slightly higher in the sky than its geometric position. Before sunrise, this effect allows sunlight to reach observers on the ground even though the Sun is still geometrically below the horizon. After sunset, the refracted sunlight continues to reach us, prolonging the visibility of the Sun. Atmospheric conditions contribute to variations in the duration of this twilight phenomenon.

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  4. To visually identify the angle of deviation in an activity with a prism, observe the spectrum formed when white light passes through the prism. The angle of deviation is the angle between the incident and emergent beams. Locate the incident light direction (original white light) and the direction inRead more

    To visually identify the angle of deviation in an activity with a prism, observe the spectrum formed when white light passes through the prism. The angle of deviation is the angle between the incident and emergent beams. Locate the incident light direction (original white light) and the direction in which the different colors emerge after passing through the prism. The angle between these paths is the angle of deviation. It is often measured from the direction of the incident beam to the direction of the emergent beam. This angle quantifies the extent of dispersion and deviation of different colors by the prism.

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  5. As light exits the glass prism at the second surface AC, it undergoes refraction again. The behavior is similar to the first surface BD but in the opposite direction. The refracted light bends away from the normal, moving towards the base of the prism. However, the extent of deviation depends on facRead more

    As light exits the glass prism at the second surface AC, it undergoes refraction again. The behavior is similar to the first surface BD but in the opposite direction. The refracted light bends away from the normal, moving towards the base of the prism. However, the extent of deviation depends on factors like the angle of incidence and the refractive index of the prism material. Generally, the second refraction at surface AC continues the dispersion of colors initiated at the first surface, resulting in the formation of a spectrum as white light exits the prism.

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