(a) A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given "minimum level" necessary fulfil basic needs. (b) (i) The proportion of people below poverty line is not the same for all social groups and categories in India. The most vulnerable social and economic groupRead more
(a) A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given “minimum level” necessary fulfil basic needs.
(b) (i) The proportion of people below poverty line is not the same for all social groups and categories in India. The most vulnerable social and economic groups are scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households.
(ii) Similary the most vulnerable economic groups households. are the rural agricultural labour households
(a) There are two categories of the executive as follows: (i) Political executive: They are elected by the people e.g., political leaders (ministers). They take decisions in the policy matters. (ii) Permanent executive or Civil Services : They are appointed on a long-term basis. Persons working in cRead more
(a) There are two categories of the executive as follows:
(i) Political executive: They are elected by the people e.g., political leaders (ministers). They take decisions in the policy matters.
(ii) Permanent executive or Civil Services : They are appointed on a long-term basis. Persons working in civil services are called civil servants. They work under political executive and assist them in carrying out the day-to-day administration. They remain in office even when the ruling party changes.
(b) In a democracy the political executive is powerful than the non-political or permanent executive because in a democracy., the will of the people is supreme. The minister is elected by the people and thus empowered to exercise the will of the people on their behalf. Ministers are finally answerable to the people for all the consequences for their decisions. That is why the ministers take the final decisions and are more powerful than the civil servants who give them
expert advice on ail technical matters. The civil servants wo the options about any policy before a minister who takes final decision in the matter keeping in view the welfare of the people.
The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is as mentioned below: (a) Interpretation of the Constitution: The Supreme Court and High Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution of the country. (b) It decides the disputes between citizens of the country, between citizens and government, between twRead more
The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is as mentioned below:
(a) Interpretation of the Constitution: The Supreme Court and High Courts have the
power to interpret the Constitution of the country.
(b) It decides the disputes between citizens of the country, between citizens and government, between two or more state governments and between governments at the union and state level.
(c) Judicial review: The courts can declare any law or actions of the executive invalid if they find such a law or action against the Constitution.
(d) Basic principles ; Tire Supreme Court has also declared that the basic principles of the Constitution cannot be changed by the Parliament.
(e) Guardian of the Fundamental Rights: The citizens can approach the courts to
seek remedy in case of any violation of their rights. The Constitution provides right to Constitutional remedies to the citizens. The courts have the power to issue writs in the matter.
(f) Public Interest Litigation: In recent years, the Courts have given various Judgments to protect public interest and human rights. In view of the above powers of the Supreme Court it is considered as the most powerful in the World.
The Election Commission has wide-ranging powers as mentioned below : (i) EC takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of elections. (ii) It implements the Code of Conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it. (iii) During the election period, the EC can order the governmRead more
The Election Commission has wide-ranging powers as mentioned below :
(i) EC takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of elections.
(ii) It implements the Code of Conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it.
(iii) During the election period, the EC can order the government to follow some
Guideline’s, to prevent use and misuse of governmental power to enhance its chances to win elections, or to transfer some government officials’
(iv) When on election duty, government officers work under the control of the EC and not the government.
The country is divided into different areas for the purpose of elections. These areas are called electoral constituencies. For example, for Lok Sabha elections, there are 543 electoral constituencies in the country.
The country is divided into different areas for the purpose of elections. These areas are called electoral constituencies. For example, for Lok Sabha elections, there are 543 electoral constituencies in the country.
From 1951 to 1981, the annual rate of population growth was steadily increasing. This population growth was responsible for rapid increase in population from 361 million in 1951 to 683.3 million in 1981. However, since 1981, the rate of growth declined to 2.14 in 1991 and 1.93 in 2001. But the populRead more
From 1951 to 1981, the annual rate of population growth was steadily increasing. This population growth was responsible for rapid increase in population from 361 million in 1951 to 683.3 million in 1981. However, since 1981, the rate of growth declined to 2.14 in 1991 and 1.93 in 2001. But the population increased to 846.4 million in 1991 and 1028.7 million in 2001.Despite the decline in growth rate, the number of people being added every decade has increased because India has a very large population. And when a low annual rate is applied to a very large population, it results in a large absolute increase. Thus, in India too the total
number being added every decade is steadily increasing.
Forests are very important for human beings as mentioned below: (i) Forests are renewable resources of energy. (ii) They help in enhancing the quality of environment. (iii) They modify, local climate. (iv) Forests control soil erosion. (v) They regulate stream flow. (vi) They support a variety of inRead more
Forests are very important for human beings as mentioned below:
(i) Forests are renewable resources of energy.
(ii) They help in enhancing the quality of environment.
(iii) They modify, local climate.
(iv) Forests control soil erosion.
(v) They regulate stream flow.
(vi) They support a variety of industry.
(vii) They provide livelihood for many communities.
(viii) They offer panoramic or scenic view for recreation.
(ix) They control wind force and temperature and cause rainfall.
(x) Forests provide humus to the soil.
(xi) They give shelter to the wild life.
There are three main processes of change of population - birth rates, death rates and migration. (i) Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. (ii) Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year. (iii) Migration is the movement of people across regionRead more
There are three main processes of change of population – birth rates, death rates and migration.
(i) Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year.
(ii) Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.
(iii) Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal within the country or international between the countries
Climate:- (i) Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a Large area for a long period of time. (ii) The elements of climate are temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation. (iii) Climate conditions do not fluctuate very often within a day. WeaRead more
Climate:-
(i) Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a Large area for a long period of time.
(ii) The elements of climate are temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation.
(iii) Climate conditions do not fluctuate very often within a day.
Weather:-
(i) Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.
(ii) The elements of weather are same of climate.
(iii) Weather conditions fluctuate very often within a dey.
The enclosures were seen as necessary in England due to the following reasons: (i) Rise in the price of wool: In the 16th century, the price of wool increased. The rich farmers wanted to improve their sheep breeds. So they wanted to control large areas of land in compact blocks to allow improved breRead more
The enclosures were seen as necessary in England due to the following reasons:
(i) Rise in the price of wool: In the 16th century, the price of wool increased. The rich farmers wanted to improve their sheep breeds. So they wanted to control large areas of land in compact blocks to allow improved breeding. This led to dividing and enclosing common land and building hedges around their holdings.
(ii) Population increase and need for more grains: The English population increased from 7 million in 1750 to 21 million in 1850 and 30 million in 1900. This meant an increased demand for food grains to feed the population.
(iii) Industrialisation : Due to industrialisation, more and more people began to live and work in urban areas. As the urban population grew, the market for food grains expanded, and when demand increased rapidly, food grain prices rose.
(iv) War between France and England : By the end of the eighteenth century, France
was at war with England. This disrupted the trade and the import of food grains from Europe. Prices of food grains in England rose significantly.
Who are considered poor? Explain and identify the economic and social gropes which are most vulnerable to poverty.
(a) A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given "minimum level" necessary fulfil basic needs. (b) (i) The proportion of people below poverty line is not the same for all social groups and categories in India. The most vulnerable social and economic groupRead more
(a) A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given “minimum level” necessary fulfil basic needs.
See less(b) (i) The proportion of people below poverty line is not the same for all social groups and categories in India. The most vulnerable social and economic groups are scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households.
(ii) Similary the most vulnerable economic groups households. are the rural agricultural labour households
Describe different types of executive. Compare their powers in a democracy.
(a) There are two categories of the executive as follows: (i) Political executive: They are elected by the people e.g., political leaders (ministers). They take decisions in the policy matters. (ii) Permanent executive or Civil Services : They are appointed on a long-term basis. Persons working in cRead more
(a) There are two categories of the executive as follows:
See less(i) Political executive: They are elected by the people e.g., political leaders (ministers). They take decisions in the policy matters.
(ii) Permanent executive or Civil Services : They are appointed on a long-term basis. Persons working in civil services are called civil servants. They work under political executive and assist them in carrying out the day-to-day administration. They remain in office even when the ruling party changes.
(b) In a democracy the political executive is powerful than the non-political or permanent executive because in a democracy., the will of the people is supreme. The minister is elected by the people and thus empowered to exercise the will of the people on their behalf. Ministers are finally answerable to the people for all the consequences for their decisions. That is why the ministers take the final decisions and are more powerful than the civil servants who give them
expert advice on ail technical matters. The civil servants wo the options about any policy before a minister who takes final decision in the matter keeping in view the welfare of the people.
Describe the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is as mentioned below: (a) Interpretation of the Constitution: The Supreme Court and High Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution of the country. (b) It decides the disputes between citizens of the country, between citizens and government, between twRead more
The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is as mentioned below:
See less(a) Interpretation of the Constitution: The Supreme Court and High Courts have the
power to interpret the Constitution of the country.
(b) It decides the disputes between citizens of the country, between citizens and government, between two or more state governments and between governments at the union and state level.
(c) Judicial review: The courts can declare any law or actions of the executive invalid if they find such a law or action against the Constitution.
(d) Basic principles ; Tire Supreme Court has also declared that the basic principles of the Constitution cannot be changed by the Parliament.
(e) Guardian of the Fundamental Rights: The citizens can approach the courts to
seek remedy in case of any violation of their rights. The Constitution provides right to Constitutional remedies to the citizens. The courts have the power to issue writs in the matter.
(f) Public Interest Litigation: In recent years, the Courts have given various Judgments to protect public interest and human rights. In view of the above powers of the Supreme Court it is considered as the most powerful in the World.
State any three powers of Election Commission of India.
The Election Commission has wide-ranging powers as mentioned below : (i) EC takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of elections. (ii) It implements the Code of Conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it. (iii) During the election period, the EC can order the governmRead more
The Election Commission has wide-ranging powers as mentioned below :
See less(i) EC takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of elections.
(ii) It implements the Code of Conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it.
(iii) During the election period, the EC can order the government to follow some
Guideline’s, to prevent use and misuse of governmental power to enhance its chances to win elections, or to transfer some government officials’
(iv) When on election duty, government officers work under the control of the EC and not the government.
Explain the meaning of electoral constituencies.
The country is divided into different areas for the purpose of elections. These areas are called electoral constituencies. For example, for Lok Sabha elections, there are 543 electoral constituencies in the country.
The country is divided into different areas for the purpose of elections. These areas are called electoral constituencies. For example, for Lok Sabha elections, there are 543 electoral constituencies in the country.
See lessIn India despite the decline in growth rate, the number of people being added every decade is steadily increasing. Why?
From 1951 to 1981, the annual rate of population growth was steadily increasing. This population growth was responsible for rapid increase in population from 361 million in 1951 to 683.3 million in 1981. However, since 1981, the rate of growth declined to 2.14 in 1991 and 1.93 in 2001. But the populRead more
From 1951 to 1981, the annual rate of population growth was steadily increasing. This population growth was responsible for rapid increase in population from 361 million in 1951 to 683.3 million in 1981. However, since 1981, the rate of growth declined to 2.14 in 1991 and 1.93 in 2001. But the population increased to 846.4 million in 1991 and 1028.7 million in 2001.Despite the decline in growth rate, the number of people being added every decade has increased because India has a very large population. And when a low annual rate is applied to a very large population, it results in a large absolute increase. Thus, in India too the total
See lessnumber being added every decade is steadily increasing.
Why are the forests important for human beings?
Forests are very important for human beings as mentioned below: (i) Forests are renewable resources of energy. (ii) They help in enhancing the quality of environment. (iii) They modify, local climate. (iv) Forests control soil erosion. (v) They regulate stream flow. (vi) They support a variety of inRead more
Forests are very important for human beings as mentioned below:
See less(i) Forests are renewable resources of energy.
(ii) They help in enhancing the quality of environment.
(iii) They modify, local climate.
(iv) Forests control soil erosion.
(v) They regulate stream flow.
(vi) They support a variety of industry.
(vii) They provide livelihood for many communities.
(viii) They offer panoramic or scenic view for recreation.
(ix) They control wind force and temperature and cause rainfall.
(x) Forests provide humus to the soil.
(xi) They give shelter to the wild life.
Explain the main processes of change of population.
There are three main processes of change of population - birth rates, death rates and migration. (i) Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. (ii) Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year. (iii) Migration is the movement of people across regionRead more
There are three main processes of change of population – birth rates, death rates and migration.
See less(i) Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year.
(ii) Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.
(iii) Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal within the country or international between the countries
State three differences between climate and weather.
Climate:- (i) Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a Large area for a long period of time. (ii) The elements of climate are temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation. (iii) Climate conditions do not fluctuate very often within a day. WeaRead more
Climate:-
See less(i) Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a Large area for a long period of time.
(ii) The elements of climate are temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation.
(iii) Climate conditions do not fluctuate very often within a day.
Weather:-
(i) Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.
(ii) The elements of weather are same of climate.
(iii) Weather conditions fluctuate very often within a dey.
Why were enclosures seen as necessary in England? State any two reasons.
The enclosures were seen as necessary in England due to the following reasons: (i) Rise in the price of wool: In the 16th century, the price of wool increased. The rich farmers wanted to improve their sheep breeds. So they wanted to control large areas of land in compact blocks to allow improved breRead more
The enclosures were seen as necessary in England due to the following reasons:
See less(i) Rise in the price of wool: In the 16th century, the price of wool increased. The rich farmers wanted to improve their sheep breeds. So they wanted to control large areas of land in compact blocks to allow improved breeding. This led to dividing and enclosing common land and building hedges around their holdings.
(ii) Population increase and need for more grains: The English population increased from 7 million in 1750 to 21 million in 1850 and 30 million in 1900. This meant an increased demand for food grains to feed the population.
(iii) Industrialisation : Due to industrialisation, more and more people began to live and work in urban areas. As the urban population grew, the market for food grains expanded, and when demand increased rapidly, food grain prices rose.
(iv) War between France and England : By the end of the eighteenth century, France
was at war with England. This disrupted the trade and the import of food grains from Europe. Prices of food grains in England rose significantly.