(i) In scientific forestry, natural forests which had different types of trees were cut down. In their place, one type of trees were planted in straight rows which is called plantation. (ii) Forest officials surveyed the forest, estimated the area and made working plans for the forest management. (iRead more
(i) In scientific forestry, natural forests which had different types of trees were cut down. In their place, one type of trees were planted in straight rows which is called plantation.
(ii) Forest officials surveyed the forest, estimated the area and made working plans for the forest management.
(iii) They scientifically planned on how much of the plantation area to cut every year. The area cut was then to be replanted, so that it was ready to be cut again in some years.
(i) Brandis felt that a proper system had to be adopted to manage forests and that people had to be trained in the science of conservation. (ii) He needed legal sanction and rules on the use of forests. (iii) He felt that the felling of trees and grazing had to be restricted so that forests could beRead more
(i) Brandis felt that a proper system had to be adopted to manage forests and that people had to be trained in the science of conservation.
(ii) He needed legal sanction and rules on the use of forests.
(iii) He felt that the felling of trees and grazing had to be restricted so that forests could be preserved for timber production.
(iv) He set up the Indian Forest Service in 1864 and helped formulate the Indian Forest Act of 1865.
(v) The Imperial Forest Research Institute was set up at Dehradun in 1906.
(vi) The system they taught here was called ‘scientific forestry,’.
(i) Large areas of natural forests were cleared to make way for tea, coffee and rubber plantation in order to meet Europe's growing need for these commodities. (ii) Tire Colonial government took over the forests and gave vast areas to the European planters at cheap rates. (iii) These areas were enclRead more
(i) Large areas of natural forests were cleared to make way for tea, coffee and rubber plantation in order to meet Europe’s growing need for these commodities.
(ii) Tire Colonial government took over the forests and gave vast areas to the European planters at cheap rates.
(iii) These areas were enclosed and cleared off forests and planted with tea or coffee.
(i) The spread of the railways from the 1850s created a new demand for timber. (ii) Railway was needed for the spread of trade in India. To run locomotives, wood was needed as fuel and to lay railway lines, sleepers were required to hold the tracks together. (iii) As the railway tracks spread, a larRead more
(i) The spread of the railways from the 1850s created a new demand for timber.
(ii) Railway was needed for the spread of trade in India. To run locomotives, wood was needed as fuel and to lay railway lines, sleepers were required to hold the tracks together.
(iii) As the railway tracks spread, a large number of trees were felled. The government gave contracts to individuals to supply timber. These contractors began cutting trees indiscriminately.
The main causes of deforestation were the following: (i) The British encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat and cotton. The production of food grains was needed to feed the growing urban population and raw material was required for British industries in Britain. (ii) TRead more
The main causes of deforestation were the following:
(i) The British encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat and cotton. The production of food grains was needed to feed the growing urban population and raw material was required for British industries in Britain.
(ii) The British thought that forests were unproductive. They were of the view that space covered with forests could be used for cultivation which could fetch them revenue and enhance the income of the state also.
(i) Paper is used for making books, wood is used for desks and tables, doors and windows, dyes are used for colouring our clothes, we get spices to add to our food, the cellophane wrapper of toffees, tendu leaf in bidis, gum, honey and coffee, tea and rubber. (ii) Oil in chocolates comes from sal seRead more
(i) Paper is used for making books, wood is used for desks and tables, doors and windows, dyes are used for colouring our clothes, we get spices to add to our food, the cellophane wrapper of toffees, tendu leaf in bidis, gum, honey and coffee, tea and rubber.
(ii) Oil in chocolates comes from sal seeds, the tannin used to convert skins and hides into leather or the herbs used for- medical purposes are all derived from forests.
(iii) Forests also provide bamboo, wood for fuel, grass charcoal, packaging, fruits, flowers, animals, birds, etc
The enormous increase in the production of food grain (especially wheat) during the last three decades, due to use or seeds of HYV (= High Yielding Varieties), higher dose of fertilizers and pesticides' and irrigation is known as green revolution.
The enormous increase in the production of food grain (especially wheat) during the last three decades, due to use or seeds of HYV (= High Yielding Varieties), higher dose of fertilizers and pesticides’ and irrigation is known as green revolution.
What do you know about Scientific Forestry?
(i) In scientific forestry, natural forests which had different types of trees were cut down. In their place, one type of trees were planted in straight rows which is called plantation. (ii) Forest officials surveyed the forest, estimated the area and made working plans for the forest management. (iRead more
(i) In scientific forestry, natural forests which had different types of trees were cut down. In their place, one type of trees were planted in straight rows which is called plantation.
See less(ii) Forest officials surveyed the forest, estimated the area and made working plans for the forest management.
(iii) They scientifically planned on how much of the plantation area to cut every year. The area cut was then to be replanted, so that it was ready to be cut again in some years.
What circumstances led to the foundation of ‘scientific forestry’ by the German expert Dietrich Brandis?
(i) Brandis felt that a proper system had to be adopted to manage forests and that people had to be trained in the science of conservation. (ii) He needed legal sanction and rules on the use of forests. (iii) He felt that the felling of trees and grazing had to be restricted so that forests could beRead more
(i) Brandis felt that a proper system had to be adopted to manage forests and that people had to be trained in the science of conservation.
See less(ii) He needed legal sanction and rules on the use of forests.
(iii) He felt that the felling of trees and grazing had to be restricted so that forests could be preserved for timber production.
(iv) He set up the Indian Forest Service in 1864 and helped formulate the Indian Forest Act of 1865.
(v) The Imperial Forest Research Institute was set up at Dehradun in 1906.
(vi) The system they taught here was called ‘scientific forestry,’.
How was ‘plantation’ introduced by cutting down forests by the British?
(i) Large areas of natural forests were cleared to make way for tea, coffee and rubber plantation in order to meet Europe's growing need for these commodities. (ii) Tire Colonial government took over the forests and gave vast areas to the European planters at cheap rates. (iii) These areas were enclRead more
(i) Large areas of natural forests were cleared to make way for tea, coffee and rubber plantation in order to meet Europe’s growing need for these commodities.
See less(ii) Tire Colonial government took over the forests and gave vast areas to the European planters at cheap rates.
(iii) These areas were enclosed and cleared off forests and planted with tea or coffee.
How were forests cleared to expand the railway network in India in the early 19th century?
(i) The spread of the railways from the 1850s created a new demand for timber. (ii) Railway was needed for the spread of trade in India. To run locomotives, wood was needed as fuel and to lay railway lines, sleepers were required to hold the tracks together. (iii) As the railway tracks spread, a larRead more
(i) The spread of the railways from the 1850s created a new demand for timber.
See less(ii) Railway was needed for the spread of trade in India. To run locomotives, wood was needed as fuel and to lay railway lines, sleepers were required to hold the tracks together.
(iii) As the railway tracks spread, a large number of trees were felled. The government gave contracts to individuals to supply timber. These contractors began cutting trees indiscriminately.
What were the main causes of deforestation in India during the British rule?
The main causes of deforestation were the following: (i) The British encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat and cotton. The production of food grains was needed to feed the growing urban population and raw material was required for British industries in Britain. (ii) TRead more
The main causes of deforestation were the following:
See less(i) The British encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat and cotton. The production of food grains was needed to feed the growing urban population and raw material was required for British industries in Britain.
(ii) The British thought that forests were unproductive. They were of the view that space covered with forests could be used for cultivation which could fetch them revenue and enhance the income of the state also.
What are the various uses of forests in our day-to-day lives?
(i) Paper is used for making books, wood is used for desks and tables, doors and windows, dyes are used for colouring our clothes, we get spices to add to our food, the cellophane wrapper of toffees, tendu leaf in bidis, gum, honey and coffee, tea and rubber. (ii) Oil in chocolates comes from sal seRead more
(i) Paper is used for making books, wood is used for desks and tables, doors and windows, dyes are used for colouring our clothes, we get spices to add to our food, the cellophane wrapper of toffees, tendu leaf in bidis, gum, honey and coffee, tea and rubber.
See less(ii) Oil in chocolates comes from sal seeds, the tannin used to convert skins and hides into leather or the herbs used for- medical purposes are all derived from forests.
(iii) Forests also provide bamboo, wood for fuel, grass charcoal, packaging, fruits, flowers, animals, birds, etc
What is Green Revolution?
The enormous increase in the production of food grain (especially wheat) during the last three decades, due to use or seeds of HYV (= High Yielding Varieties), higher dose of fertilizers and pesticides' and irrigation is known as green revolution.
The enormous increase in the production of food grain (especially wheat) during the last three decades, due to use or seeds of HYV (= High Yielding Varieties), higher dose of fertilizers and pesticides’ and irrigation is known as green revolution.
See lessFill in the blanks: ………… is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly, in hives by humans.
Beekeeping/Apiculture is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly, in hives by humans.
Beekeeping/Apiculture is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly, in hives by humans.
See lessFill in the blanks: …………… involves breeding among unrelated animals.
Outbreeding involves breeding among unrelated animals.
Outbreeding involves breeding among unrelated animals.
See lessFill in the blanks: Mixed cropping is done to reduce the …….. between component crops for………. nutrients, and water.
Mixed cropping is done to reduce the Competition between component crops for Light nutrients, and water.
Mixed cropping is done to reduce the Competition between component crops for Light nutrients, and water.
See less