The Indus-Sarasvati civilization is India’s oldest, known for urban planning, trade, and peaceful coexistence. It laid foundational cultural and technological advancements influencing future societies. Class 6 Social Science Exploring Society: India and Beyond Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 The Beginnings of ...
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A civilization includes organized government, urban planning, crafts, trade, a writing system, cultural beliefs, and productive agriculture to support cities, demonstrating advanced social structures. Class 6 Social Science Exploring Society: India and Beyond Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 The Beginnings of ...
Trade, central to Harappan prosperity, connected it to distant regions like Mesopotamia. Exporting beads, cotton, and pottery while importing metals fostered economic growth and cultural exchange, expanding Harappan influence through organized, widespread commerce. Class 6 NCERT Social Science Tapestry of the ...
Harappan civilization declined due to climate shifts, reduced rainfall, and the Sarasvati River drying up, leading to agricultural challenges. These environmental factors prompted urban abandonment, forcing a return to rural life without conflict or invasion. Class 6 NCERT Social Science Tapestry ...
Harappan cities like Mohenjo-daro and Dholavira had grid-patterned streets, drainage systems, and uniform houses. Water management included wells and reservoirs, emphasizing sanitation and civic organization. This structured urban life shows advanced planning and a community focus. Class 6 NCERT Social Science ...