In a compass, a magnetized needle aligns itself with the Earth’s magnetic field, pointing toward the magnetic north. This allows users to determine direction relative to the Earth’s magnetic poles.
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Magnets are used in various everyday applications, such as in fridge magnets, compasses, electric motors, speakers, and magnetic locks. They also play a critical role in industrial machinery and medical devices.
A permanent magnet has a constant magnetic field and does not require electricity. An electromagnet, however, needs an electric current to generate its magnetic field, and its strength can be controlled.
The strength of an electromagnet can be increased by increasing the electric current, adding more turns to the wire coil, or using a core with better magnetic properties, like soft iron.
A temporary magnet can be made by stroking a magnetic material, like iron, with a permanent magnet in one direction. This aligns the material’s magnetic domains temporarily, giving it magnetic properties.
Temporary magnets lose their magnetism quickly once the external magnetic field is removed, like soft iron. Permanent magnets, like bar magnets, retain their magnetism over time without needing an external field.
When you cut a magnet in half, each piece becomes a new magnet with its own north and south poles. This occurs because the magnetic domains realign, ensuring that both pieces have opposite poles.
The law of magnetic poles states that like poles repel and unlike poles attract. This means that a north pole will attract a south pole but repel another north pole, and vice versa.
Magnetic poles are the regions at the ends of a magnet where the magnetic force is strongest. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole and a south pole, which are responsible for magnetic interactions.
A magnetic field can be visualized using iron filings or a compass. Iron filings sprinkled around a magnet align along the field lines, while a compass needle aligns itself with the magnetic field direction.