Mendel’s pea plant experiments involved controlled crosses. Traits like flower color were studied. Cross-pollination of parental plants with specific traits led to predictable ratios in the offspring, revealing principles of inheritance.
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A food chain illustrates the transfer of energy in an ecosystem, showing the sequential flow of organisms consuming one another. Producers, consumers, and decomposers play vital roles in sustaining this dynamic process.
A concave lens is a transparent optical device with curved surfaces that diverges light rays. It causes parallel light rays to spread out and is commonly used in correcting nearsightedness in eyeglasses.
A convex lens is a transparent optical device with curved surfaces that converges light rays, causing them to meet at a focal point. It is used in magnifying glasses, cameras, and eyeglasses.
Human urine is a liquid waste product excreted by the kidneys, containing water, urea, salts, and other waste compounds. It serves as a means for the body to eliminate excess substances.
Rhizopus is a genus of fungi, commonly known as bread mold. It reproduces via sporangia, often causing food spoilage. Some species can be pathogenic, posing health risks to humans.
Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a vision condition where distant objects appear blurry due to the elongation of the eyeball. Corrective lenses or surgery can help manage myopia. Regular eye exams are essential.
Reflex actions are involuntary, rapid responses to stimuli, bypassing conscious control. They occur to protect the body and ensure survival, involving the spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
The upper layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, including the thermosphere and exosphere, extend beyond the mesosphere. They contain sparse air molecules and play a crucial role in phenomena like auroras.
An ammeter measures electric current in amperes within an electrical circuit. A circuit is a closed loop of conductive elements where electrons flow. Ammeters help monitor and control current flow.