“A Journey through States of Water,” Chapter 8, explains how water changes between solid, liquid, and gas through freezing, melting, evaporation, and condensation. It highlights the water cycle, its importance, and water conservation.
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To find out how hot or cold a body is, use a thermometer. A thermometer measures temperature by detecting changes in physical properties, like liquid expansion or electrical resistance, and displays the temperature on a scale.
To measure temperature with a laboratory thermometer, immerse the bulb in the substance or environment being measured, wait until the liquid stabilizes, and then read the temperature from the scale. Ensure accurate placement.
Yes, when a thermometer is removed from water, the liquid column falls because it cools down and contracts. The liquid inside the thermometer shrinks as it loses heat, causing the column level to decrease.
Yes, some objects in the sky have temperatures exceeding the Sun’s core. For instance, neutron stars and supernova remnants can reach temperatures over 100 million degrees Celsius due to their extreme density and energy.
Here are the planets’ distances from the Sun (in AU) and average temperatures: Mercury (0.39 AU, 167°C), Venus (0.72 AU, 464°C), Earth (1.00 AU, 15°C), Mars (1.52 AU, -65°C), Jupiter (5.20 AU, -110°C), Saturn (9.58 AU, -140°C), Uranus (19.22 AU, ...
In India, Leh in Ladakh is among the coldest places, with temperatures dropping to -40°C. Phalodi in Rajasthan is one of the hottest, reaching up to 51.0°C. These extremes vary seasonally.
The latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to convert liquid water into steam at its boiling point without changing its temperature. It is about 2260 kJ/kg for water.
The latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to change water from solid ice to liquid water at its melting point, without changing its temperature. It is 334 kJ/kg.
Temperature affects the state of water by influencing its phase transitions. Increasing temperature can cause ice to melt or water to evaporate, while decreasing temperature can lead to freezing or condensation of water vapor.