The latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to convert liquid water into steam at its boiling point without changing its temperature. It is about 2260 kJ/kg for water.
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The latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to change water from solid ice to liquid water at its melting point, without changing its temperature. It is 334 kJ/kg.
Temperature affects the state of water by influencing its phase transitions. Increasing temperature can cause ice to melt or water to evaporate, while decreasing temperature can lead to freezing or condensation of water vapor.
Deposition is the process where water vapor changes directly into solid ice without becoming liquid first. This occurs when water vapor loses energy and forms ice crystals, such as frost on cold surfaces.
Sublimation is the process where ice (solid water) directly transitions into water vapor (gas) without first becoming liquid. This occurs when ice absorbs enough energy to bypass the liquid phase.
Freezing is the process where liquid water turns into solid ice. When the temperature drops below 0°C, the water molecules lose energy, slowing down and forming a rigid structure known as ice.
The rate of evaporation is influenced by temperature, humidity, wind speed and surface area. Higher temperatures and lower humidity increase evaporation, while higher wind speeds and larger surface areas also enhance the process.
Condensation is the process where water vapor in the air cools and changes back into liquid water. This occurs when the temperature of the vapor drops below its dew point, forming droplets.
Water evaporates when it absorbs heat energy, which increases the kinetic energy of its molecules. This energy allows the molecules to escape from the liquid state into the gas phase as water vapor.
Water changes from solid (ice) to liquid (water) through the process of melting. When heat is applied, the temperature rises, causing the ice to absorb energy and transition into a liquid state.