Gypsum is used in construction materials such as plasterboard and cement, agriculture as a soil conditioner, and in manufacturing processes such as making molds and casts.
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The chemical formula for hydrated gypsum is CaSO4.2H2O, indicating it contains two water molecules as water of crystallization per formula unit.
The chemical formula for hydrated copper sulfate is CuSO4.5H2O, indicating it contains five water molecules per formula unit.
Heating copper sulfate crystals removes water of crystallization, causing them to turn white. Re-moistening the crystals restores their blue color as water molecules are reabsorbed.
Water of crystallization is the fixed number of water molecules present in one formula unit of a salt. It affects the physical properties and appearance of salts, such as causing color changes in copper sulfate crystals.
Sodium carbonate can be used as a cleaning agent for domestic purposes, such as removing stains or grease from various surfaces.
Washing soda can be obtained by heating baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate), followed by recrystallization of sodium carbonate.
Sodium hydrogencarbonate, being alkaline, neutralizes excess acid in the stomach, providing relief from symptoms of acidity.
Sodium hydrogencarbonate is used in soda-acid fire extinguishers to generate carbon dioxide gas, which helps extinguish fires by displacing oxygen.
Sodium hydrogencarbonate is an ingredient in antacids, neutralizing excess acid in the stomach to provide relief from acidity.