Transpiration in plants is the process of water loss through small pores called stomata, primarily found on leaves. As water vapor escapes through these openings, it creates a negative pressure gradient, facilitating the movement of water from roots to leaves via the xylem. Stomata regulate transpiration by opening and closing to balance water loss with gas exchange needs.

Epidermal cells, found on the outer surface of plant organs like leaves, stems, and roots, possess distinct characteristics compared to other plant cells. They typically lack chloroplasts, allowing for greater light penetration for underlying photosynthetic cells. Additionally, epidermal cells often have specialized structures like stomata, trichomes, and root hairs, facilitating functions such as gas exchange, water regulation, and defense. These adaptations make epidermal cells uniquely suited for their protective and regulatory roles in plants.

The epidermis tends to be thicker in plants living in dry habitats as a adaptation to reduce water loss. A thicker epidermis provides an additional barrier to transpiration, helping the plant retain moisture more effectively. This adaptation is crucial for plants in arid environments where water availability is limited, helping them survive prolonged periods of drought by minimizing water loss through the leaf surfaces.

The thick waxy coating of cutin on the epidermis of desert plants helps reduce water loss through transpiration by forming a barrier that prevents excessive evaporation. This adaptation minimizes dehydration, enabling desert plants to conserve water and survive in arid environments with limited water availability, thereby enhancing their resilience to drought conditions.