1. The organic part of soap (C₁₇H₃₅ COO⁻) combines with the Ca²⁺ ion of hard water and forms insoluble precipitate called scum. Thus, a large portion of soap is wasted in hard water and washing is not effective.

    The organic part of soap (C₁₇H₃₅ COO⁻) combines with the Ca²⁺ ion of hard water and forms insoluble precipitate called scum. Thus, a large portion of soap is wasted in hard water and washing is not effective.

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