1. The vascular bundle of a plant stem contains xylem cells (tracheids, vessel elements, xylem fibers, xylem parenchyma) and phloem cells (sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers, phloem parenchyma), providing structural support and facilitating water, nutrient, and food transport.

    The vascular bundle of a plant stem contains xylem cells (tracheids, vessel elements, xylem fibers, xylem parenchyma) and phloem cells (sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers, phloem parenchyma), providing structural support and facilitating water, nutrient, and food transport.

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  2. Desert plants have a thick, waxy cuticle on their epidermis to minimize water loss. This adaptation helps them retain moisture, reducing evaporation and protecting against the harsh, arid environment.

    Desert plants have a thick, waxy cuticle on their epidermis to minimize water loss. This adaptation helps them retain moisture, reducing evaporation and protecting against the harsh, arid environment.

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  3. A distinctive feature of complex plants aiding survival in terrestrial environments is the development of a vascular system, enabling efficient water, nutrient, and food transport, which supports greater size and adaptability to diverse conditions.

    A distinctive feature of complex plants aiding survival in terrestrial environments is the development of a vascular system, enabling efficient water, nutrient, and food transport, which supports greater size and adaptability to diverse conditions.

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  4. Epidermal cells of roots aid in water absorption through root hairs, which increase the surface area for water uptake. These extensions penetrate soil particles, enhancing the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients efficiently.

    Epidermal cells of roots aid in water absorption through root hairs, which increase the surface area for water uptake. These extensions penetrate soil particles, enhancing the plant’s ability to absorb water and nutrients efficiently.

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  5. Xylem and phloem are vital for plant transport. Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to the rest of the plant, providing structural support with its thick-walled cells. Phloem distributes organic nutrients, primarily sugars, produced during photosynthesis from leaves to growth anRead more

    Xylem and phloem are vital for plant transport. Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to the rest of the plant, providing structural support with its thick-walled cells. Phloem distributes organic nutrients, primarily sugars, produced during photosynthesis from leaves to growth and storage sites. Together, they maintain the plant’s internal nutrient and water balance, essential for growth and development.

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