1. i. Restriction endonucleases: for cutting the desired DNA at desired places ii. Gel electrophoresis: for separating the desired DNA fragments iii. Ligase enzyme: for creating recombinant DNA molecule. iv. DNA delivery system: like electroporation, microinjection, gene gun method. v. Competant host (Read more

    i. Restriction endonucleases: for cutting the desired DNA at desired places
    ii. Gel electrophoresis: for separating the desired DNA fragments
    iii. Ligase enzyme: for creating recombinant DNA molecule.
    iv. DNA delivery system: like electroporation, microinjection, gene gun method.
    v. Competant host (usually bacteria / yeast): to take up recombinant DNA.

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  2. Biological control means life against life. It’s a natural and ecofriendly concept. It employs the natural organisms to control the population of pathogens and pests in an ecosystem. Classical examples are Trichoderma which is antagonist against many soil borne plant pathogens. Similarly, PenicilliuRead more

    Biological control means life against life. It’s a natural and ecofriendly concept. It employs the natural organisms to control the population of pathogens and pests in an ecosystem. Classical examples are Trichoderma which is antagonist against many soil borne plant pathogens. Similarly, Penicillium inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus and therefore has been successfully used in the production of Penicillin antibiotic to control many human bacterial pathogens.

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  3. Each species has a specific position or functional role within the community, called niche. According to the Gausses principle, no two species can live in the same niche. In this case, two herbivorous species are living in the same niche and feeding on phytoplanktons. It may be because of the availaRead more

    Each species has a specific position or functional role within the community, called niche. According to the Gausses principle, no two species can live in the same niche. In this case, two herbivorous species are living in the same niche and feeding on phytoplanktons. It may be because of the availability of sufficient phytoplanktons/and or less number of individuals of the fish species. of the two species might have occured. And though neither of the species have been eliminated, niche overlapping may effect the growth and development of individuals of the species.

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