Haloarenes undergo electrophilic reactions on the benzene ring, including halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, and Friedel-Crafts reactions.

The resonance effect in aryl halides, where electron pairs on the halogen atom are in conjugation with p-electrons of the ring, imparts partial double bond character to the C—X bond, making bond cleavage difficult and contributing to the lower reactivity ...

Aryl halides have a sp²-hybridized carbon in the C—X bond, which, with a greater s-character, holds the electron pair more tightly than the sp³-hybridized carbon in haloalkanes. The resulting shorter C—X bond in aryl halides makes their nucleophilic substitution reactions ...

Chiral objects, like hands, are non-superimposable on their mirror images, while achiral objects, like spheres and cubes, can be superimposed onto their mirror images.

Molecular asymmetry, arising from the non-superimposability of mirror images due to an asymmetric carbon, is responsible for the optical activity observed in organic compounds, where the mirror images rotate plane-polarized light in equal magnitude but opposite direction.