(l) Location of Bastar: Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh and borders Andhra Pradesh, orissa and Maharashtra. The central part of Bastar is on a plateau. To the north of this plateau is the Chhattisgarh plain and to its south is the Godavari plain. The river Indrawati windsRead more
(l) Location of Bastar: Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh and borders Andhra Pradesh, orissa and Maharashtra. The central part of Bastar is on a plateau. To the north of this plateau is the Chhattisgarh plain and to its south is the Godavari plain. The river Indrawati winds across Bastar east to west.
(ii) Bastar’s communities : A number of different communities live in Bastar such as Maria and Muria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras and Halbas. They speak different languages.
(iii) Customs and beliefs in Baster:
(a) They share common customs and beliefs.
(b) They believe that each village was given its land by the Earth, and in return. they look after the Earth by making some offerings at each agricultural festival.
(c) They show-respect to the spirits of the river, the forest and the mountain.
(iv) System of administration of villages in Bastar:
(a) The local people rook after all the natural resources of the village.
(b) If people from a village want to take some wood from the forests of another village, they pay small fee called devsari. dand or man in exchange. some villages protect their forests by engaging watchman and each household contributes sorme grain to pay them.
(c) Every year there is a big hunt where the headmen of the villages in a pargana meet and discuss issues of concern including forests.
(a)The factors for expansion of wheat production were as follows: (i) Growth in urban Population' (ii) Bigger export market. (iii) Rising prices of wheat encouraged farmers to produce wheat. (iv) Spread of railways made it easy to transport grain to the eastern coast for export. (v) world war I andRead more
(a)The factors for expansion of wheat production were as follows:
(i) Growth in urban Population’
(ii) Bigger export market.
(iii) Rising prices of wheat encouraged farmers to produce wheat.
(iv) Spread of railways made it easy to transport grain to the eastern coast for export.
(v) world war I and higher demand with boom in the market.
(vi) Russian supplies of what were cut off and USA had to feed Europe. US president wilson called upon farmers to respond to the need of the time. “plant win the more wheat, wheat will War”, he said.
(b) Effects: The area under wheat cultivation increased from 45 million acres of land in 1910 to 74 million acres nine years later. The increase was particularly in the Great Plains where some big farmers or wheat barons controlled as much as 2,000 to 3,000 acres of- land individually.
The Maasai community lost their grazing lands due to the following reasons: (i) In 1885. Maasailand was cut into half with an international boundary between British Kenya and German Tanganyika. (ii) The best grazing lands were gradually taken over for white settlement' The Maasai lost about 60 per cRead more
The Maasai community lost their grazing lands due to the following reasons:
(i) In 1885. Maasailand was cut into half with an international boundary between British Kenya and German Tanganyika.
(ii) The best grazing lands were gradually taken over for white settlement’ The Maasai lost about 60 per cent of their pre-colonial lands.
(iii) They were confined to an arid-zone with uncertain rainfall and poor pastures’
(iv) The British colonial government encouraged local peasant communities to expand cultivation. As cultivation expanded, pasturelands were turned into cultivated fields’
(v) Large areas of grazing land were also turned into game reserves like the Maasai Mara and Samburu National park in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania which was created over 14,760 km of Maasai grazing land. Pastoralists were allowed to enter these reserves. They could neither hunt animals nor graze their herds in these areas.
The causes for deforestation in India were as follows: (i) The British directly encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute' sugar' wheat and cotton because the demand for these crops increased in Europe due to increase in population. In addition to this raw materials were required for iRead more
The causes for deforestation in India were as follows:
(i) The British directly encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute’ sugar’ wheat and cotton because the demand for these crops increased in Europe due to increase in population. In addition to this raw materials were required for industrial production
(ii) They thought that forests were unproductive. They were considered to be wilderness that had to be brought under cultivation so that the land could yield agricultural products an revenue and enhance the income of the state. So between 1880 and 1920. cultivated area increased by 6.7 million hectares.
(iii) With the shortage of oak forests in England in the early nineteenth century trees were felled on a massive scale and vast quantities of timber was exported from India to meet the timber supply of Royal Navy.
(iv) The spread of railways too created an additional demand of timber. Wood was
required to run locomotives and sleepers for laying railway lines.
(v) Large areas of natural forests were cleared for tea, coffee and rubber plantations to meet Europe’s growing need for these commodities’
Generally, food security means getting two square meals' But it has following dimensions: (i) Availability of food: It implies food production within the country. food imports and the previous years stock stored in government granaries. (ii) Accessibility: It means food is within the reach of everyRead more
Generally, food security means getting two square meals’ But it has following dimensions:
(i) Availability of food: It implies food production within the country. food imports and the previous years stock stored in government granaries.
(ii) Accessibility: It means food is within the reach of every person.
(iii) Affordability : It implies that an individual has enough money to buy sufficient’ safe and nutritious food to meet one’s dietary needs’
How did the people of Bastar live before 1905? Explain their beliefs and traditions.
(l) Location of Bastar: Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh and borders Andhra Pradesh, orissa and Maharashtra. The central part of Bastar is on a plateau. To the north of this plateau is the Chhattisgarh plain and to its south is the Godavari plain. The river Indrawati windsRead more
(l) Location of Bastar: Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh and borders Andhra Pradesh, orissa and Maharashtra. The central part of Bastar is on a plateau. To the north of this plateau is the Chhattisgarh plain and to its south is the Godavari plain. The river Indrawati winds across Bastar east to west.
See less(ii) Bastar’s communities : A number of different communities live in Bastar such as Maria and Muria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras and Halbas. They speak different languages.
(iii) Customs and beliefs in Baster:
(a) They share common customs and beliefs.
(b) They believe that each village was given its land by the Earth, and in return. they look after the Earth by making some offerings at each agricultural festival.
(c) They show-respect to the spirits of the river, the forest and the mountain.
(iv) System of administration of villages in Bastar:
(a) The local people rook after all the natural resources of the village.
(b) If people from a village want to take some wood from the forests of another village, they pay small fee called devsari. dand or man in exchange. some villages protect their forests by engaging watchman and each household contributes sorme grain to pay them.
(c) Every year there is a big hunt where the headmen of the villages in a pargana meet and discuss issues of concern including forests.
State any five reasons for the dramatic expansion of wheat production in the USA.
(a)The factors for expansion of wheat production were as follows: (i) Growth in urban Population' (ii) Bigger export market. (iii) Rising prices of wheat encouraged farmers to produce wheat. (iv) Spread of railways made it easy to transport grain to the eastern coast for export. (v) world war I andRead more
(a)The factors for expansion of wheat production were as follows:
See less(i) Growth in urban Population’
(ii) Bigger export market.
(iii) Rising prices of wheat encouraged farmers to produce wheat.
(iv) Spread of railways made it easy to transport grain to the eastern coast for export.
(v) world war I and higher demand with boom in the market.
(vi) Russian supplies of what were cut off and USA had to feed Europe. US president wilson called upon farmers to respond to the need of the time. “plant win the more wheat, wheat will War”, he said.
(b) Effects: The area under wheat cultivation increased from 45 million acres of land in 1910 to 74 million acres nine years later. The increase was particularly in the Great Plains where some big farmers or wheat barons controlled as much as 2,000 to 3,000 acres of- land individually.
How did the Massais lost their grazing lands? Explain any five reasons.
The Maasai community lost their grazing lands due to the following reasons: (i) In 1885. Maasailand was cut into half with an international boundary between British Kenya and German Tanganyika. (ii) The best grazing lands were gradually taken over for white settlement' The Maasai lost about 60 per cRead more
The Maasai community lost their grazing lands due to the following reasons:
See less(i) In 1885. Maasailand was cut into half with an international boundary between British Kenya and German Tanganyika.
(ii) The best grazing lands were gradually taken over for white settlement’ The Maasai lost about 60 per cent of their pre-colonial lands.
(iii) They were confined to an arid-zone with uncertain rainfall and poor pastures’
(iv) The British colonial government encouraged local peasant communities to expand cultivation. As cultivation expanded, pasturelands were turned into cultivated fields’
(v) Large areas of grazing land were also turned into game reserves like the Maasai Mara and Samburu National park in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania which was created over 14,760 km of Maasai grazing land. Pastoralists were allowed to enter these reserves. They could neither hunt animals nor graze their herds in these areas.
Explain any five reasons for deforestation in India during 19th century.
The causes for deforestation in India were as follows: (i) The British directly encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute' sugar' wheat and cotton because the demand for these crops increased in Europe due to increase in population. In addition to this raw materials were required for iRead more
The causes for deforestation in India were as follows:
See less(i) The British directly encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute’ sugar’ wheat and cotton because the demand for these crops increased in Europe due to increase in population. In addition to this raw materials were required for industrial production
(ii) They thought that forests were unproductive. They were considered to be wilderness that had to be brought under cultivation so that the land could yield agricultural products an revenue and enhance the income of the state. So between 1880 and 1920. cultivated area increased by 6.7 million hectares.
(iii) With the shortage of oak forests in England in the early nineteenth century trees were felled on a massive scale and vast quantities of timber was exported from India to meet the timber supply of Royal Navy.
(iv) The spread of railways too created an additional demand of timber. Wood was
required to run locomotives and sleepers for laying railway lines.
(v) Large areas of natural forests were cleared for tea, coffee and rubber plantations to meet Europe’s growing need for these commodities’
Explain the three dimensions of food security.
Generally, food security means getting two square meals' But it has following dimensions: (i) Availability of food: It implies food production within the country. food imports and the previous years stock stored in government granaries. (ii) Accessibility: It means food is within the reach of everyRead more
Generally, food security means getting two square meals’ But it has following dimensions:
See less(i) Availability of food: It implies food production within the country. food imports and the previous years stock stored in government granaries.
(ii) Accessibility: It means food is within the reach of every person.
(iii) Affordability : It implies that an individual has enough money to buy sufficient’ safe and nutritious food to meet one’s dietary needs’