Skeletal connective tissue is the tissue which forms the endoskeleton of the body of vertebrates. It includes bones and cartilage. The function of skeletal connective tissue is to give support to the body musculature, give a definite shape to the body and protect the vital organs of the body such asRead more
Skeletal connective tissue is the tissue which forms the endoskeleton of the body of vertebrates. It includes bones and cartilage. The function of skeletal connective tissue is to give support to the body musculature, give a definite shape to the body and protect the vital organs of the body such as brain, ear, heart, lungs, etc. It anchors the muscles and provide movement to animal body.
The salient features of federalism in India are as given below: (i)Two-three levels of government: In the beginning, the Constitution provided for a two-tier system of government i,e., the Union or National government and the State government. Later, a third-tier of federalism was added in the formRead more
The salient features of federalism in India are as given below:
(i)Two-three levels of government: In the beginning, the Constitution provided for a two-tier system of government i,e., the Union or National government and the State government. Later, a third-tier of federalism was added in the form of Panchayats and Municipalities. These tiers enjoy separate jurisdietion.
(ii) Division of powers: The constitution provides division of powers between the union/ central government and the state governments. There are three Lists – Union List (defense, Foreign affairs, banking, communication and currency), State List (Police, trade,-commerce, agriculture and irrigation), and Concurrent List (education, forest, trade, unions, marriage, adoption and succession) The residuary powers have been vested with the central government.
(iii) Amendment to the constitution: Sharing of powers or division of powers is basic to the structure of the Constitution and cannot be changed easily. The Parliament has to pass an Amendment in both the Houses with at least two-thirds majority. Then it has to be ratified by the legislatures of at least half of the total States.
(iv) Independent courts and interpretation of the Constitution: In case of any dispute about the division of powers, the High Courts and the state governments can raise their resources by levying taxes in order to carry on the government and the responsibilities assigned to each of them.
There are two routes that have been adopted for formation of federations in the world: (i) ‘Coming together’ federations: (a) These types of federations are formed by independent states which come together on their own to form federation. (b) Their object is to form a bigger unit, so that by poolingRead more
There are two routes that have been adopted for formation of federations in the world:
(i) ‘Coming together’ federations: (a) These types of federations are formed by independent states which come together on their own to form federation. (b) Their object is to form a bigger unit, so that by pooling sovereignty and retaining their identity they can increase their security. (c) The example of this ‘coming together’ federations are the USA, Switzerland and
Australia. (d) Under this type of federation, all the constituent states and the federal government usually have equal powers.
(ii) ‘Holding together’ federations: (a) Under such federations, in a large country the power is divided between the constituent states and the national government. (b) The examples are India, Spain and Belgium. (c) In these federations, the national or central government is powerful than the states or provinces as in India (d) Some states as in India (North-Eastern
States and Jammu and Kashmir) are even granted special powers.
Two systems of government i.e., federal system and unitary system can be compared as given below: Federal Government and Unitary Government. Federal Government: (i) There are two or more levels of governments e.g., National, State and Local governments. (ii) There is division of powers between diffeRead more
Two systems of government i.e., federal system and unitary system can be compared as given below: Federal Government and Unitary Government.
Federal Government: (i) There are two or more levels of governments e.g., National, State and Local governments.
(ii) There is division of powers between different levels of governments.
(iii) State governments are not answerable to the Central or National government
(iv)Jurisdiction of each government i.e., state and central is specified in the Constitution.
(v) Constitutional amendment cannot be made without the consent of the state governments.
(vi) Courts such as Supreme Court of India safeguards and interprets the Constitution.
(vii) Sources of revenue are divided among different levels of government.
Unitary Government: (i) Generally, there is only one level of government. In case of sub-units, they are subordinate to the national government.
(ii) there is no division of power. The central or national government has all the powers.
(iii) The state governments or sub-units are answerable to the central government.
(iv) All powers are with the central government. There is no separate jurisdiction for the sub-units. The central government can grant them power and take back any time.
(v) The Central government alone can make constitutional amendment like an ordinary law.
(vi) Courts do not enjoy such powers.
(vii) Sources of revenue ere controlled by the Central government.
What is skeletal connective tissue? Give its functions.
Skeletal connective tissue is the tissue which forms the endoskeleton of the body of vertebrates. It includes bones and cartilage. The function of skeletal connective tissue is to give support to the body musculature, give a definite shape to the body and protect the vital organs of the body such asRead more
Skeletal connective tissue is the tissue which forms the endoskeleton of the body of vertebrates. It includes bones and cartilage. The function of skeletal connective tissue is to give support to the body musculature, give a definite shape to the body and protect the vital organs of the body such as brain, ear, heart, lungs, etc. It anchors the muscles and provide movement to animal body.
See lessName the plant tissue which show the following features? (a) made up of living cells showing thickening; provide mechanical support to the plant. (b) made up of dead cells showing thickening: provide mechanical support to the plant! are made of one type of cells. (c) made up of living cells containing green coloured chloroplasts/ possesses intercellular space
(a) Collenchyma (b) Sclerenchyma (c) Parenchyma
(a) Collenchyma
See less(b) Sclerenchyma
(c) Parenchyma
What makes India a federal country?
The salient features of federalism in India are as given below: (i)Two-three levels of government: In the beginning, the Constitution provided for a two-tier system of government i,e., the Union or National government and the State government. Later, a third-tier of federalism was added in the formRead more
The salient features of federalism in India are as given below:
See less(i)Two-three levels of government: In the beginning, the Constitution provided for a two-tier system of government i,e., the Union or National government and the State government. Later, a third-tier of federalism was added in the form of Panchayats and Municipalities. These tiers enjoy separate jurisdietion.
(ii) Division of powers: The constitution provides division of powers between the union/ central government and the state governments. There are three Lists – Union List (defense, Foreign affairs, banking, communication and currency), State List (Police, trade,-commerce, agriculture and irrigation), and Concurrent List (education, forest, trade, unions, marriage, adoption and succession) The residuary powers have been vested with the central government.
(iii) Amendment to the constitution: Sharing of powers or division of powers is basic to the structure of the Constitution and cannot be changed easily. The Parliament has to pass an Amendment in both the Houses with at least two-thirds majority. Then it has to be ratified by the legislatures of at least half of the total States.
(iv) Independent courts and interpretation of the Constitution: In case of any dispute about the division of powers, the High Courts and the state governments can raise their resources by levying taxes in order to carry on the government and the responsibilities assigned to each of them.
Distinguish between ‘coming together and holding together type of federations.
There are two routes that have been adopted for formation of federations in the world: (i) ‘Coming together’ federations: (a) These types of federations are formed by independent states which come together on their own to form federation. (b) Their object is to form a bigger unit, so that by poolingRead more
There are two routes that have been adopted for formation of federations in the world:
See less(i) ‘Coming together’ federations: (a) These types of federations are formed by independent states which come together on their own to form federation. (b) Their object is to form a bigger unit, so that by pooling sovereignty and retaining their identity they can increase their security. (c) The example of this ‘coming together’ federations are the USA, Switzerland and
Australia. (d) Under this type of federation, all the constituent states and the federal government usually have equal powers.
(ii) ‘Holding together’ federations: (a) Under such federations, in a large country the power is divided between the constituent states and the national government. (b) The examples are India, Spain and Belgium. (c) In these federations, the national or central government is powerful than the states or provinces as in India (d) Some states as in India (North-Eastern
States and Jammu and Kashmir) are even granted special powers.
What are the differences between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain.
Two systems of government i.e., federal system and unitary system can be compared as given below: Federal Government and Unitary Government. Federal Government: (i) There are two or more levels of governments e.g., National, State and Local governments. (ii) There is division of powers between diffeRead more
Two systems of government i.e., federal system and unitary system can be compared as given below: Federal Government and Unitary Government.
See lessFederal Government: (i) There are two or more levels of governments e.g., National, State and Local governments.
(ii) There is division of powers between different levels of governments.
(iii) State governments are not answerable to the Central or National government
(iv)Jurisdiction of each government i.e., state and central is specified in the Constitution.
(v) Constitutional amendment cannot be made without the consent of the state governments.
(vi) Courts such as Supreme Court of India safeguards and interprets the Constitution.
(vii) Sources of revenue are divided among different levels of government.
Unitary Government: (i) Generally, there is only one level of government. In case of sub-units, they are subordinate to the national government.
(ii) there is no division of power. The central or national government has all the powers.
(iii) The state governments or sub-units are answerable to the central government.
(iv) All powers are with the central government. There is no separate jurisdiction for the sub-units. The central government can grant them power and take back any time.
(v) The Central government alone can make constitutional amendment like an ordinary law.
(vi) Courts do not enjoy such powers.
(vii) Sources of revenue ere controlled by the Central government.