There are two routes that have been adopted for formation of federations in the world: (i) ‘Coming together’ federations: (a) These types of federations are formed by independent states which come together on their own to form federation. (b) Their object is to form a bigger unit, so that by poolingRead more
There are two routes that have been adopted for formation of federations in the world:
(i) ‘Coming together’ federations: (a) These types of federations are formed by independent states which come together on their own to form federation. (b) Their object is to form a bigger unit, so that by pooling sovereignty and retaining their identity they can increase their security. (c) The example of this ‘coming together’ federations are the USA, Switzerland and
Australia. (d) Under this type of federation, all the constituent states and the federal government usually have equal powers.
(ii) ‘Holding together’ federations: (a) Under such federations, in a large country the power is divided between the constituent states and the national government. (b) The examples are India, Spain and Belgium. (c) In these federations, the national or central government is powerful than the states or provinces as in India (d) Some states as in India (North-Eastern
States and Jammu and Kashmir) are even granted special powers.
Two systems of government i.e., federal system and unitary system can be compared as given below: Federal Government and Unitary Government. Federal Government: (i) There are two or more levels of governments e.g., National, State and Local governments. (ii) There is division of powers between diffeRead more
Two systems of government i.e., federal system and unitary system can be compared as given below: Federal Government and Unitary Government.
Federal Government: (i) There are two or more levels of governments e.g., National, State and Local governments.
(ii) There is division of powers between different levels of governments.
(iii) State governments are not answerable to the Central or National government
(iv)Jurisdiction of each government i.e., state and central is specified in the Constitution.
(v) Constitutional amendment cannot be made without the consent of the state governments.
(vi) Courts such as Supreme Court of India safeguards and interprets the Constitution.
(vii) Sources of revenue are divided among different levels of government.
Unitary Government: (i) Generally, there is only one level of government. In case of sub-units, they are subordinate to the national government.
(ii) there is no division of power. The central or national government has all the powers.
(iii) The state governments or sub-units are answerable to the central government.
(iv) All powers are with the central government. There is no separate jurisdiction for the sub-units. The central government can grant them power and take back any time.
(v) The Central government alone can make constitutional amendment like an ordinary law.
(vi) Courts do not enjoy such powers.
(vii) Sources of revenue ere controlled by the Central government.
(a) Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central and state or provincial governments. (b) main features of federalism are given below: {i) Two or more levels of government: There are two or more levels of government i.e., National, and local government. (ii) SRead more
(a) Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central and state or provincial governments.
(b) main features of federalism are given below:
{i) Two or more levels of government: There are two or more levels of government i.e., National, and local government.
(ii) Separate jurisdiction: Different levels of government have separate jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
(iii) Guarantee of the constitution for separate jurisdiction: Each level of government has Separate jurisdiction and that is mentioned in the constitution and cannot be changed unilaterally by the central Government. Constitution is supreme law of the land.
(iv) Amendment to the constitution: No government-central or state-can amend the constitution alone. Consent and approval of both types of government is needed for amendment to the constitution specially fundamental provisions.
(v) Interpretation of the constitution: In case of any dispute between the centre and the states, the federal courts like Supreme court of India, decide and interpret the constitution.
(vi) Sources of revenue: Different levels of government enjoy financial autonomy. Sources Of revenue are divided and specified under the constitution.
(vii) Dual objectives: There are two objects of federal system of government:
(1) To safeguard and promote unity of the country.
(2) To accommodate regional diversity. It is based on mutual trust and agreement to live together.
Language based states have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language. Harish: This Policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages. Ans. The position held by Sangeeta that the policy of accommodation have strengthened national unity is correct.Read more
Language based states have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language.
Harish: This Policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages.
Ans. The position held by Sangeeta that the policy of accommodation have strengthened national unity is correct. The Central Government agreed to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes to avoid the Lankan kind of situation. Otherwise, the movement against Hindi would have taken more ugly turn. Thus, the policy of the government has streagthened national unity. Hindi is being used along with English for official purposes.
(i) Coming together type of federation, all the Constituent States have equal powers and States are (ii) Strong vis-a-vis the federal government. But India is a (iii) Holding together type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the (iv) Central. government has more poweRead more
(i) Coming together type of federation, all the Constituent States have equal powers and States are (ii) Strong vis-a-vis the federal government. But India is a (iii) Holding together type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the (iv) Central. government has more power.
Distinguish between ‘coming together and holding together type of federations.
There are two routes that have been adopted for formation of federations in the world: (i) ‘Coming together’ federations: (a) These types of federations are formed by independent states which come together on their own to form federation. (b) Their object is to form a bigger unit, so that by poolingRead more
There are two routes that have been adopted for formation of federations in the world:
See less(i) ‘Coming together’ federations: (a) These types of federations are formed by independent states which come together on their own to form federation. (b) Their object is to form a bigger unit, so that by pooling sovereignty and retaining their identity they can increase their security. (c) The example of this ‘coming together’ federations are the USA, Switzerland and
Australia. (d) Under this type of federation, all the constituent states and the federal government usually have equal powers.
(ii) ‘Holding together’ federations: (a) Under such federations, in a large country the power is divided between the constituent states and the national government. (b) The examples are India, Spain and Belgium. (c) In these federations, the national or central government is powerful than the states or provinces as in India (d) Some states as in India (North-Eastern
States and Jammu and Kashmir) are even granted special powers.
What are the differences between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain.
Two systems of government i.e., federal system and unitary system can be compared as given below: Federal Government and Unitary Government. Federal Government: (i) There are two or more levels of governments e.g., National, State and Local governments. (ii) There is division of powers between diffeRead more
Two systems of government i.e., federal system and unitary system can be compared as given below: Federal Government and Unitary Government.
See lessFederal Government: (i) There are two or more levels of governments e.g., National, State and Local governments.
(ii) There is division of powers between different levels of governments.
(iii) State governments are not answerable to the Central or National government
(iv)Jurisdiction of each government i.e., state and central is specified in the Constitution.
(v) Constitutional amendment cannot be made without the consent of the state governments.
(vi) Courts such as Supreme Court of India safeguards and interprets the Constitution.
(vii) Sources of revenue are divided among different levels of government.
Unitary Government: (i) Generally, there is only one level of government. In case of sub-units, they are subordinate to the national government.
(ii) there is no division of power. The central or national government has all the powers.
(iii) The state governments or sub-units are answerable to the central government.
(iv) All powers are with the central government. There is no separate jurisdiction for the sub-units. The central government can grant them power and take back any time.
(v) The Central government alone can make constitutional amendment like an ordinary law.
(vi) Courts do not enjoy such powers.
(vii) Sources of revenue ere controlled by the Central government.
What do you mean by federalism? Describe the main features of federalism.
(a) Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central and state or provincial governments. (b) main features of federalism are given below: {i) Two or more levels of government: There are two or more levels of government i.e., National, and local government. (ii) SRead more
(a) Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central and state or provincial governments.
See less(b) main features of federalism are given below:
{i) Two or more levels of government: There are two or more levels of government i.e., National, and local government.
(ii) Separate jurisdiction: Different levels of government have separate jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
(iii) Guarantee of the constitution for separate jurisdiction: Each level of government has Separate jurisdiction and that is mentioned in the constitution and cannot be changed unilaterally by the central Government. Constitution is supreme law of the land.
(iv) Amendment to the constitution: No government-central or state-can amend the constitution alone. Consent and approval of both types of government is needed for amendment to the constitution specially fundamental provisions.
(v) Interpretation of the constitution: In case of any dispute between the centre and the states, the federal courts like Supreme court of India, decide and interpret the constitution.
(vi) Sources of revenue: Different levels of government enjoy financial autonomy. Sources Of revenue are divided and specified under the constitution.
(vii) Dual objectives: There are two objects of federal system of government:
(1) To safeguard and promote unity of the country.
(2) To accommodate regional diversity. It is based on mutual trust and agreement to live together.
Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India. Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions. Sangeeta: The Policy of accommodation have strengthened national unity. Arman: Language based states have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language. Harish: This Policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages.
Language based states have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language. Harish: This Policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages. Ans. The position held by Sangeeta that the policy of accommodation have strengthened national unity is correct.Read more
Language based states have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language.
See lessHarish: This Policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages.
Ans. The position held by Sangeeta that the policy of accommodation have strengthened national unity is correct. The Central Government agreed to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes to avoid the Lankan kind of situation. Otherwise, the movement against Hindi would have taken more ugly turn. Thus, the policy of the government has streagthened national unity. Hindi is being used along with English for official purposes.
Fill in the blanks:-Since the United States is a (i) ……… type of federation, all the Constituent States have equal powers and States are (ii) ……….. vis-a-vis the federal government. But India is a (iii) ……. type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the (iv) ………. government has more power.
(i) Coming together type of federation, all the Constituent States have equal powers and States are (ii) Strong vis-a-vis the federal government. But India is a (iii) Holding together type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the (iv) Central. government has more poweRead more
(i) Coming together type of federation, all the Constituent States have equal powers and States are (ii) Strong vis-a-vis the federal government. But India is a (iii) Holding together type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the (iv) Central. government has more power.
See less