(a) Ureters in frogs: A ureter acts as a urinogenital duct, which carries sperms along with urine in male frogs. (b) Malphigian tubules: Malphigian tubules are excretory organs in cockroaches. (c) Body wall in earthworms: In earthworms, the body wall consists of muscle layers. It helps in movement aRead more
(a) Ureters in frogs: A ureter acts as a urinogenital duct, which carries sperms along with urine in male frogs.
(b) Malphigian tubules: Malphigian tubules are excretory organs in cockroaches.
(c) Body wall in earthworms: In earthworms, the body wall consists of muscle layers. It helps in movement and burrowing.
Earthworms (Pheretima) have closed blood vascular systems, which consists of the heart, blood vessels, and capillaries. The heart pumps blood for circulating it in one direction. Blood is supplied by smaller blood cells to the gut nerve cord and the body wall. Blood glands are present in the 4th, 5tRead more
Earthworms (Pheretima) have closed blood vascular systems, which consists of the heart, blood vessels, and capillaries. The heart pumps blood for circulating it in one direction. Blood is supplied by smaller blood cells to the gut nerve cord and the body wall. Blood glands are present in the 4th, 5th, and 6th segments, which produce blood cells and haemoglobin dissolved in blood plasma. Blood cells in earthworms are phagocytic in nature.
(a) Areolar tissue, blood, and tendons are examples of connective tissues. Neuron is an example of neural tissue. (b) RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are the three most important components of blood. Cartilage is therefore, the odd one out. (c) Exocrine, endocrine, and salivary glands are examples of simpRead more
(a) Areolar tissue, blood, and tendons are examples of connective tissues. Neuron is an example of neural tissue.
(b) RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are the three most important components of blood. Cartilage is therefore, the odd one out.
(c) Exocrine, endocrine, and salivary glands are examples of simple glandular epithelium. Ligament is a connective tissue.
(d) Maxilla, mandible, and labrum are mouthparts of a cockroach. Antennae, on the other hand, are present in the head region of cockroaches.
(e) Protonema forms the developmental stage in the life cycle of a moss. Mesothorax, metathorax, and coxa are parts or segments present in the legs of a cockroach.
(a) Simple epithelium and compound epithelium. Simple epithelium:- 1. It is composed of only one layer of cells. 2. It is mainly involved in the function of absorption and secretion. 3. It is present in the lining of the stomach, intestine. Compound epithelium 1. It is composed of many layers of celRead more
(a) Simple epithelium and compound epithelium.
Simple epithelium:-
1. It is composed of only one layer of cells.
2. It is mainly involved in the function of absorption and secretion.
3. It is present in the lining of the stomach, intestine.
Compound epithelium
1. It is composed of many layers of cells.
2. It is mainly involved in the function of protection and has a limited role in absorption and secretion.
3. It is present in the lining of the pharynx and buccal cavity.
(b) Cardiac muscle and striated muscle
Cardiac muscles:-
1. They are involuntary in function.
2. They are multi-nucleate and branched.
3. They are found only in the heart.
Striated muscles:-
1. They are voluntary in function.
2. They are multi-nucleate and unbranched.
3. They are found only in triceps, biceps, and limbs.
(c) Dense regular connective tissues:-
1. In dense regular connective tissues, collagen fibres are present in rows between parallel boundless fibres.
2. They are present in tendons and ligaments.
Dense irregular connective tissues:-
1. In dense irregular connective tissues, fibres are arranged irregularly.
2. They are present in the skin.
(d) Adipose and blood tissue
Adipose tissue:-
1. It is composed of collagen fibres, elastin fibres, fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipociytes.
2. It helps in the synthesis, storage, and metabolism of fats.
3. It is present beneath the skin.
Blood tissue:-
1. It is composed of RBCs, WBCs, platelets, and plasma.
2. It helps in the transportation of food, wastes, gases, and hormones.
3. It is present in the blood vessels.
(e) Simple gland and compound gland:-
Simple glands:-
1. They contain isolated glandular cells.
2. They are unicellular.
3. Examples include goblet cells of the alimentary canal.
Compound glands:-
1. They contain a cluster of secretory cells.
2. They are multicellular.
3. Examples include salivary glands.
(a) Chondriocytes:- They are cells of cartilages, and are present in small cavities within the matrix secreted by them. (b) Axons:- They are long, slender projections of neurons that help in carrying nerve impulses from the neuron body. Axons aggregate in bundles which make up the nerves. (c) CiliatRead more
(a) Chondriocytes:-
They are cells of cartilages, and are present in small cavities within the matrix secreted by them.
(b) Axons:-
They are long, slender projections of neurons that help in carrying nerve impulses from the neuron body. Axons aggregate in bundles which make up the nerves.
(c) Ciliated epithelium:-
It consists of simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium with cilia on their free surfaces. It is present on the inner surface of the oviducts and bronchioles. It helps in the movement of eggs or mucus in specific directions.
Components of blood include erythrocytes (RBCs), leucocytes (WBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets). These components form 45% of blood. They are suspended in the remaining fluid portion, called plasma. Mammalian erythrocytes are biconcave, coloured cells devoid of a nucleus. They help in transportingRead more
Components of blood include erythrocytes (RBCs), leucocytes (WBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets). These components form 45% of blood. They are suspended in the remaining fluid portion, called plasma.
Mammalian erythrocytes are biconcave, coloured cells devoid of a nucleus. They help in transporting respiratory gases.
Leucocytes or white blood cells are nucleated cells. They can be divided into two types, granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and agranulocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). They help fight against various disease-causing germs entering the body.
Thrombocytes are cell fragments produced from megarkaryocytes of the bone. They play a major role during blood coagulation.
(a) Prostomium and peristomium Prostomium:-Prostomium is a small fleshy lobe, which overhangs the mouth of an earthworm. It helps the organism push into the soil and is sensory in function. Peristomium:-The first body segment in the earthworm is called the peristomium. It surrounds the mouth openingRead more
(a) Prostomium and peristomium
Prostomium:-Prostomium is a small fleshy lobe, which overhangs the mouth of an earthworm. It helps the organism push into the soil and is sensory in function.
Peristomium:-The first body segment in the earthworm is called the peristomium. It surrounds the mouth opening.
(b) Septal nephridium and pharyngeal nephridium
Septal nephridium:-They are present on both sides of intersegmental septa behind the 15th segment. They open into the intestines.
Pharyngeal nephridium:- They are present as three paired tufts in the fourth, fifth, and sixth segments.
(i) Nephridia are segmentally arranged excretory organs present in earthworms. (ii) On the basis of their location, three types of nephridia are found in earthworms. They are: (i)- Septal nephridia: These are present on both sides of the inter-segmental septa behind the 15th segment. They open intoRead more
(i) Nephridia are segmentally arranged excretory organs present in earthworms.
(ii) On the basis of their location, three types of nephridia are found in earthworms. They are:
(i)- Septal nephridia: These are present on both sides of the inter-segmental septa behind the 15th segment. They open into the intestines.
(ii)- Integumentary nephridia: These lie attached to the body wall from the third segment to the last segment, which opens on the body surface.
(iii)- Pharyngeal nephridia: These are present as three paired tufts in fourth, fifth, and sixth segments.
(i) The common name of Periplaneta americana is the American cockroach. (ii) Four pairs of spermathecae are present in earthworms. They are located between sixth and the ninth segments. They help in receiving and storing the spermatozoa during copulation. (iii) In a cockroach, the pair of ovaries isRead more
(i) The common name of Periplaneta americana is the American cockroach.
(ii) Four pairs of spermathecae are present in earthworms. They are located between sixth and the ninth segments. They help in receiving and storing the spermatozoa during copulation.
(iii) In a cockroach, the pair of ovaries is located between 12th and 13th abdominal segments.
(iv) In both sexes, the abdomen of a cockroach consists of ten segments.
(v) Malphigian tubules are main excretory organs of cockroaches. They form a part of the alimentary canal.
Mention the function of the following (a) Ureters in frog (b) Malpighian tubules (c) Body wall in earthworm
(a) Ureters in frogs: A ureter acts as a urinogenital duct, which carries sperms along with urine in male frogs. (b) Malphigian tubules: Malphigian tubules are excretory organs in cockroaches. (c) Body wall in earthworms: In earthworms, the body wall consists of muscle layers. It helps in movement aRead more
(a) Ureters in frogs: A ureter acts as a urinogenital duct, which carries sperms along with urine in male frogs.
(b) Malphigian tubules: Malphigian tubules are excretory organs in cockroaches.
(c) Body wall in earthworms: In earthworms, the body wall consists of muscle layers. It helps in movement and burrowing.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-7/
Mention briefly about the circulatory system of earthworm
Earthworms (Pheretima) have closed blood vascular systems, which consists of the heart, blood vessels, and capillaries. The heart pumps blood for circulating it in one direction. Blood is supplied by smaller blood cells to the gut nerve cord and the body wall. Blood glands are present in the 4th, 5tRead more
Earthworms (Pheretima) have closed blood vascular systems, which consists of the heart, blood vessels, and capillaries. The heart pumps blood for circulating it in one direction. Blood is supplied by smaller blood cells to the gut nerve cord and the body wall. Blood glands are present in the 4th, 5th, and 6th segments, which produce blood cells and haemoglobin dissolved in blood plasma. Blood cells in earthworms are phagocytic in nature.
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See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-7/
Mark the odd one in each series: (a) Areolar tissue; blood; neuron; tendon (b) RBC; WBC; platelets; cartilage (c) Exocrine; endocrine; salivary gland; ligament (d) Maxilla; mandible; labrum; antennae (e) Protonema; mesothorax; metathorax; coxa
(a) Areolar tissue, blood, and tendons are examples of connective tissues. Neuron is an example of neural tissue. (b) RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are the three most important components of blood. Cartilage is therefore, the odd one out. (c) Exocrine, endocrine, and salivary glands are examples of simpRead more
(a) Areolar tissue, blood, and tendons are examples of connective tissues. Neuron is an example of neural tissue.
(b) RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are the three most important components of blood. Cartilage is therefore, the odd one out.
(c) Exocrine, endocrine, and salivary glands are examples of simple glandular epithelium. Ligament is a connective tissue.
(d) Maxilla, mandible, and labrum are mouthparts of a cockroach. Antennae, on the other hand, are present in the head region of cockroaches.
(e) Protonema forms the developmental stage in the life cycle of a moss. Mesothorax, metathorax, and coxa are parts or segments present in the legs of a cockroach.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-7/
Distinguish between (a) Simple epithelium and compound epithelium. (b) Cardiac muscle and striated muscle (c) Dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues (d) Adipose and blood tissue (e) Simple gland and compound gland
(a) Simple epithelium and compound epithelium. Simple epithelium:- 1. It is composed of only one layer of cells. 2. It is mainly involved in the function of absorption and secretion. 3. It is present in the lining of the stomach, intestine. Compound epithelium 1. It is composed of many layers of celRead more
(a) Simple epithelium and compound epithelium.
Simple epithelium:-
1. It is composed of only one layer of cells.
2. It is mainly involved in the function of absorption and secretion.
3. It is present in the lining of the stomach, intestine.
Compound epithelium
1. It is composed of many layers of cells.
2. It is mainly involved in the function of protection and has a limited role in absorption and secretion.
3. It is present in the lining of the pharynx and buccal cavity.
(b) Cardiac muscle and striated muscle
Cardiac muscles:-
1. They are involuntary in function.
2. They are multi-nucleate and branched.
3. They are found only in the heart.
Striated muscles:-
1. They are voluntary in function.
2. They are multi-nucleate and unbranched.
3. They are found only in triceps, biceps, and limbs.
(c) Dense regular connective tissues:-
1. In dense regular connective tissues, collagen fibres are present in rows between parallel boundless fibres.
2. They are present in tendons and ligaments.
Dense irregular connective tissues:-
1. In dense irregular connective tissues, fibres are arranged irregularly.
2. They are present in the skin.
(d) Adipose and blood tissue
Adipose tissue:-
1. It is composed of collagen fibres, elastin fibres, fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipociytes.
2. It helps in the synthesis, storage, and metabolism of fats.
3. It is present beneath the skin.
Blood tissue:-
1. It is composed of RBCs, WBCs, platelets, and plasma.
2. It helps in the transportation of food, wastes, gases, and hormones.
3. It is present in the blood vessels.
(e) Simple gland and compound gland:-
Simple glands:-
1. They contain isolated glandular cells.
2. They are unicellular.
3. Examples include goblet cells of the alimentary canal.
Compound glands:-
1. They contain a cluster of secretory cells.
2. They are multicellular.
3. Examples include salivary glands.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-7/
What are the following and where do you find them in animal body (a) Chondriocytes (b) Axons (c) Ciliated epithelium
(a) Chondriocytes:- They are cells of cartilages, and are present in small cavities within the matrix secreted by them. (b) Axons:- They are long, slender projections of neurons that help in carrying nerve impulses from the neuron body. Axons aggregate in bundles which make up the nerves. (c) CiliatRead more
(a) Chondriocytes:-
They are cells of cartilages, and are present in small cavities within the matrix secreted by them.
(b) Axons:-
They are long, slender projections of neurons that help in carrying nerve impulses from the neuron body. Axons aggregate in bundles which make up the nerves.
(c) Ciliated epithelium:-
It consists of simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium with cilia on their free surfaces. It is present on the inner surface of the oviducts and bronchioles. It helps in the movement of eggs or mucus in specific directions.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-7/
What are the cellular components of blood?
Components of blood include erythrocytes (RBCs), leucocytes (WBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets). These components form 45% of blood. They are suspended in the remaining fluid portion, called plasma. Mammalian erythrocytes are biconcave, coloured cells devoid of a nucleus. They help in transportingRead more
Components of blood include erythrocytes (RBCs), leucocytes (WBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets). These components form 45% of blood. They are suspended in the remaining fluid portion, called plasma.
Mammalian erythrocytes are biconcave, coloured cells devoid of a nucleus. They help in transporting respiratory gases.
Leucocytes or white blood cells are nucleated cells. They can be divided into two types, granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and agranulocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). They help fight against various disease-causing germs entering the body.
Thrombocytes are cell fragments produced from megarkaryocytes of the bone. They play a major role during blood coagulation.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-7/
Distinguish between the following (a) Prostomium and peristomium (b) Septal nephridium and pharyngeal nephridium
(a) Prostomium and peristomium Prostomium:-Prostomium is a small fleshy lobe, which overhangs the mouth of an earthworm. It helps the organism push into the soil and is sensory in function. Peristomium:-The first body segment in the earthworm is called the peristomium. It surrounds the mouth openingRead more
(a) Prostomium and peristomium
Prostomium:-Prostomium is a small fleshy lobe, which overhangs the mouth of an earthworm. It helps the organism push into the soil and is sensory in function.
Peristomium:-The first body segment in the earthworm is called the peristomium. It surrounds the mouth opening.
(b) Septal nephridium and pharyngeal nephridium
Septal nephridium:-They are present on both sides of intersegmental septa behind the 15th segment. They open into the intestines.
Pharyngeal nephridium:- They are present as three paired tufts in the fourth, fifth, and sixth segments.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-7/
Answer the following: (i) What is the function of nephridia? (ii) How many types of nephridia are found in earthworm based on their location?
(i) Nephridia are segmentally arranged excretory organs present in earthworms. (ii) On the basis of their location, three types of nephridia are found in earthworms. They are: (i)- Septal nephridia: These are present on both sides of the inter-segmental septa behind the 15th segment. They open intoRead more
(i) Nephridia are segmentally arranged excretory organs present in earthworms.
(ii) On the basis of their location, three types of nephridia are found in earthworms. They are:
(i)- Septal nephridia: These are present on both sides of the inter-segmental septa behind the 15th segment. They open into the intestines.
(ii)- Integumentary nephridia: These lie attached to the body wall from the third segment to the last segment, which opens on the body surface.
(iii)- Pharyngeal nephridia: These are present as three paired tufts in fourth, fifth, and sixth segments.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-7/
Answer in one word or one line. (i) Give the common name of Periplaneta americana. (ii) How many spermathecae are found in earthworm? (iii) What is the position of ovaries in the cockroach? (iv) How many segments are present in the abdomen of cockroach? (v) Where do you find malphigian tubules?
(i) The common name of Periplaneta americana is the American cockroach. (ii) Four pairs of spermathecae are present in earthworms. They are located between sixth and the ninth segments. They help in receiving and storing the spermatozoa during copulation. (iii) In a cockroach, the pair of ovaries isRead more
(i) The common name of Periplaneta americana is the American cockroach.
(ii) Four pairs of spermathecae are present in earthworms. They are located between sixth and the ninth segments. They help in receiving and storing the spermatozoa during copulation.
(iii) In a cockroach, the pair of ovaries is located between 12th and 13th abdominal segments.
(iv) In both sexes, the abdomen of a cockroach consists of ten segments.
(v) Malphigian tubules are main excretory organs of cockroaches. They form a part of the alimentary canal.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/biology/chapter-7/