(i) In the eleventh century, chinese paper reached Europe via silk route. This helped in the production of manuscripts that were written by scribes' (ii) In 1295 Marco Polo brought knowledge of woodblock printing from china. Books were now produced with woodblocks. From here this technology spread tRead more
(i) In the eleventh century, chinese paper reached Europe via silk route. This helped in the production of manuscripts that were written by scribes’
(ii) In 1295 Marco Polo brought knowledge of woodblock printing from china. Books were now produced with woodblocks. From here this technology spread to other parts of Europe.
(iii) However luxury editions were still hand-written on vellum meant for aristocratic people and rich monostic libraries.
(iv) As the demand for books increased, the hand-written manuscripts could not satisfy it. Thus, woodblock printing became popular. By the early fifteenth century, woodblocks were widely used in Europe to print textiles, playing cards, and religious pictures with simple’ brief texts.
The various marginal groups in London were as given below: (i) Criminals: There were about 20,000 criminals living in London in the 1870s. In fact they were poor people. They stole lead from roofs, food from shops, lumps of coal and clothes drying on hedges. There were cheats, pick pockets and pettyRead more
The various marginal groups in London were as given below:
(i) Criminals: There were about 20,000 criminals living in London in the 1870s. In fact they were poor people. They stole lead from roofs, food from shops, lumps of coal and clothes drying on hedges. There were cheats, pick pockets and petty thieves among them too. According to Henry Mayhew, many labourers used to make a living from crime.
(ii) Women: A large number of women worked in factories in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. With technological developments they, however, lost their jobs and shifted to work within households as domestic servants. Some started other works like tailoring, washing or match-box making. During First World war they were employed in wartime industries and offices.
(iii) Children: Large number of children worked in the factories. They were, however’ paid low wages. Under such circumstances, many children turned to criminal activities because they could earn more from thieving. Andrew Mearns, a clergy man in his book The Bitter cry of Outcast London in the 1880, wrote that crime was more profitable than labouring in small Underpaid factories.
People were persuaded by the following ways to use the new product: (i) Advertisements: Advertisements appeared street walls, television screens. (ii) Labels: Labels are needed to tell the consumer, the place of manufacture and the name of the company and about the quality of the product. If a buyerRead more
People were persuaded by the following ways to use the new product:
(i) Advertisements: Advertisements appeared street walls, television screens.
(ii) Labels: Labels are needed to tell the consumer, the place of manufacture and the name of the company and about the quality of the product. If a buyer is familiar to the company and is confident about it, he will buy that product. Generally, a person buys a branded shirt or any other product because he knows that a particular company is a company of repute. So, labels do help in attracting consumers to buy a product.
(iii) Printing of calendars: Calendars are also printed to popularise the products. They are hung in tea shops, homes and other places. People see the calendars daily and slowly they are attracted towards that Product.
(iv) Figures of important persons, emperors etc.: These figures are used to convey the message that if you respect the royal figure, then respect this product too. If the royal person is using a product, its quality cannot be questioned. So, use of a royal figure popularise that product.
(v) Advertisement of nationalist message: In such advertisement, people are told that if you love your country then use that product. Such advertisements were used by Indian manufacturers. Thus, various ways were adopted to persuade people to buy new products.
(l) Food offers long distance cultural exchange in distant parts of the world. Travelers and traders introduced new crops to the lands they travelled. Even 'ready' foodstuff in distant parts of the world might share common origins. For example, noodles travelled west from China to become spaghetti.Read more
(l) Food offers long distance cultural exchange in distant parts of the world. Travelers and traders introduced new crops to the lands they travelled. Even ‘ready’ foodstuff in distant parts of the world might share common origins. For example, noodles travelled west from China to become spaghetti. Arab traders took pasta to fifth century Sicily (Italy). Similar foods were known to the Indians and Japanese people. Their origins cannot be ascertained, but the fact remains that there was long-distance cultural contact even in the pre-modern World.
(ii) Our major common foods are potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chillies, sweet potatoes. These were not known in India until about five centuries ago.
(iii) These were introduced in Europe and Asia after the discovery of Americas by
Christopher Columbus. Actually many of our common foods came from America’s original inhabitants i.e., the American Indians.
The objective of implementing the NIREGA 2005 i.e., National Rural Emplo5'nnent Guarantee Act 2005 is to implement the right; to work. In India, every state or region has the potential for increasing the income and employment for people in that area. The Act has to be implemented in 200 districts. URead more
The objective of implementing the NIREGA 2005 i.e., National Rural Emplo5’nnent Guarantee Act 2005 is to implement the right; to work. In India, every state or region has the potential for increasing the income and employment for people in that area. The Act has to be implemented in 200 districts. Under this Act, all those who are able to, and are in need of work have been guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the government. If the government fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give unemployment allowance to the people. The types of work that would in future help to increase the production from land will be given preference under this act.
Describe the different stages regarding coming of print technology to Europe before the development of printing press by Johann Gutenberg.
(i) In the eleventh century, chinese paper reached Europe via silk route. This helped in the production of manuscripts that were written by scribes' (ii) In 1295 Marco Polo brought knowledge of woodblock printing from china. Books were now produced with woodblocks. From here this technology spread tRead more
(i) In the eleventh century, chinese paper reached Europe via silk route. This helped in the production of manuscripts that were written by scribes’
See less(ii) In 1295 Marco Polo brought knowledge of woodblock printing from china. Books were now produced with woodblocks. From here this technology spread to other parts of Europe.
(iii) However luxury editions were still hand-written on vellum meant for aristocratic people and rich monostic libraries.
(iv) As the demand for books increased, the hand-written manuscripts could not satisfy it. Thus, woodblock printing became popular. By the early fifteenth century, woodblocks were widely used in Europe to print textiles, playing cards, and religious pictures with simple’ brief texts.
Describe the various marginal groups in London in the later-half of the nineteenth century. Which groups were responsible for crimes.
The various marginal groups in London were as given below: (i) Criminals: There were about 20,000 criminals living in London in the 1870s. In fact they were poor people. They stole lead from roofs, food from shops, lumps of coal and clothes drying on hedges. There were cheats, pick pockets and pettyRead more
The various marginal groups in London were as given below:
See less(i) Criminals: There were about 20,000 criminals living in London in the 1870s. In fact they were poor people. They stole lead from roofs, food from shops, lumps of coal and clothes drying on hedges. There were cheats, pick pockets and petty thieves among them too. According to Henry Mayhew, many labourers used to make a living from crime.
(ii) Women: A large number of women worked in factories in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. With technological developments they, however, lost their jobs and shifted to work within households as domestic servants. Some started other works like tailoring, washing or match-box making. During First World war they were employed in wartime industries and offices.
(iii) Children: Large number of children worked in the factories. They were, however’ paid low wages. Under such circumstances, many children turned to criminal activities because they could earn more from thieving. Andrew Mearns, a clergy man in his book The Bitter cry of Outcast London in the 1880, wrote that crime was more profitable than labouring in small Underpaid factories.
How people were persuaded to use the new products?
People were persuaded by the following ways to use the new product: (i) Advertisements: Advertisements appeared street walls, television screens. (ii) Labels: Labels are needed to tell the consumer, the place of manufacture and the name of the company and about the quality of the product. If a buyerRead more
People were persuaded by the following ways to use the new product:
See less(i) Advertisements: Advertisements appeared street walls, television screens.
(ii) Labels: Labels are needed to tell the consumer, the place of manufacture and the name of the company and about the quality of the product. If a buyer is familiar to the company and is confident about it, he will buy that product. Generally, a person buys a branded shirt or any other product because he knows that a particular company is a company of repute. So, labels do help in attracting consumers to buy a product.
(iii) Printing of calendars: Calendars are also printed to popularise the products. They are hung in tea shops, homes and other places. People see the calendars daily and slowly they are attracted towards that Product.
(iv) Figures of important persons, emperors etc.: These figures are used to convey the message that if you respect the royal figure, then respect this product too. If the royal person is using a product, its quality cannot be questioned. So, use of a royal figure popularise that product.
(v) Advertisement of nationalist message: In such advertisement, people are told that if you love your country then use that product. Such advertisements were used by Indian manufacturers. Thus, various ways were adopted to persuade people to buy new products.
Explain with examples, how does food offer long distance cultural exchange in distant parts of the world?
(l) Food offers long distance cultural exchange in distant parts of the world. Travelers and traders introduced new crops to the lands they travelled. Even 'ready' foodstuff in distant parts of the world might share common origins. For example, noodles travelled west from China to become spaghetti.Read more
(l) Food offers long distance cultural exchange in distant parts of the world. Travelers and traders introduced new crops to the lands they travelled. Even ‘ready’ foodstuff in distant parts of the world might share common origins. For example, noodles travelled west from China to become spaghetti. Arab traders took pasta to fifth century Sicily (Italy). Similar foods were known to the Indians and Japanese people. Their origins cannot be ascertained, but the fact remains that there was long-distance cultural contact even in the pre-modern World.
See less(ii) Our major common foods are potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chillies, sweet potatoes. These were not known in India until about five centuries ago.
(iii) These were introduced in Europe and Asia after the discovery of Americas by
Christopher Columbus. Actually many of our common foods came from America’s original inhabitants i.e., the American Indians.
Explain the objectives of implementing NREGA 2005.
The objective of implementing the NIREGA 2005 i.e., National Rural Emplo5'nnent Guarantee Act 2005 is to implement the right; to work. In India, every state or region has the potential for increasing the income and employment for people in that area. The Act has to be implemented in 200 districts. URead more
The objective of implementing the NIREGA 2005 i.e., National Rural Emplo5’nnent Guarantee Act 2005 is to implement the right; to work. In India, every state or region has the potential for increasing the income and employment for people in that area. The Act has to be implemented in 200 districts. Under this Act, all those who are able to, and are in need of work have been guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the government. If the government fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give unemployment allowance to the people. The types of work that would in future help to increase the production from land will be given preference under this act.
See less