1. Liquid in C is most acidic, followed by that in A and B. Greater the acidic strength, smaller is the pH value. Hence pH value of liquid in B is more than that in A and C.

    Liquid in C is most acidic, followed by that in A and B. Greater the acidic strength, smaller is the pH value. Hence pH value of liquid in B is more than that in A and C.

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  2. Electrical resistance of a conductor is a measure of the opposition offered by it for flow of electric charge through it. Mathematically, resistance is given as: Resistance R = Potential difference across the conductor V/Current I SI unit of resistance is ohm Ω. Resistance of a conductor is said toRead more

    Electrical resistance of a conductor is a measure of the opposition offered by it for flow of electric charge through it. Mathematically, resistance is given as:

    Resistance R = Potential difference across the conductor V/Current I
    SI unit of resistance is ohm Ω. Resistance of a conductor is said to be 1 Ω, if a potential difference of 1 volt is to be applied across its ends to maintain a flow of 1 ampere of current. The resistance R of a conductor is (a) directly proportional to its length L, (b) inversely proportional to its cross-section area A, and (c) depends on the nature of the material of the conductor. Thus,

    R ∝ L/a or R = pl = pL/A,
    where p is a constant depending upon the nature of the material of conductor and is known as its resistivity.
    (i) The resistance of a wire is doubled if its length is double keeping other factors unchanged. It is because R ∝ L.
    (ii) If radius of wire is doubled then its cross-section area (A =πr²) becomes 4 times of its original value. Since R ∝ 1/A hence the new resistance of wire becomes 1/4 th, of its original value.

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  3. (a) Three common features of respiratory organs of animals : (i) Animals absorbs oxygen from water or air hence have a structure that increases the surface area which is in contact with the oxygen rich atmosphere. (ii) Since exchange of oxygen-carbon dioxide has to take place across this surface, itRead more

    (a) Three common features of respiratory organs of animals :
    (i) Animals absorbs oxygen from water or air hence have a structure that increases the surface area which is in contact with the oxygen rich atmosphere.
    (ii) Since exchange of oxygen-carbon dioxide has to take place across this surface, it is very fine and delicate.
    (iii) ln order to protect this surface, it is placed within the body, so there are passages that take air to this area.
    (b) Differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration:
    Aerobic respiration:-
    (i) Oxygen is used to breakdown glucose.
    (ii) Glucose is broken down completely to release large amount of energy.
    Anaerobic respiration:-
    (i) Do not involve oxygen to breakdown glucose.
    (ii) Breakdown of glucose is incomplete to release small amount of energy.

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  4. (a) The soil B with pH 4.5 is acidic. To neutralise this soil, it is treated with powdered chalk (CaCO₃). Acids react with chalk to form calcium salt. This reaction will neutralise the acidity of the salt. (b) Ant's sting and nettle leaf sting inject formic acid (methanoic acid) into the skin of a pRead more

    (a) The soil B with pH 4.5 is acidic. To neutralise this soil, it is treated with powdered chalk (CaCO₃). Acids react with chalk to form calcium salt. This reaction will neutralise the acidity of the salt.
    (b) Ant’s sting and nettle leaf sting inject formic acid (methanoic acid) into the skin of a person. The effect of the sting can be neutralised by rubbrng with some alkaline substance like sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate.
    (c) Aquatic animals are used to live in river water with a definite pH range. Whenever there is a change in the pH of water, it endangers the life of these organisms.

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