1. Upthrust, also known as buoyant force, is the upward force exerted by a fluid (such as water) on an object immersed in it. It is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid and acts opposite to the force of gravity.

    Upthrust, also known as buoyant force, is the upward force exerted by a fluid (such as water) on an object immersed in it. It is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid and acts opposite to the force of gravity.

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  2. The iron nail sinks in water because its density is greater than that of water. The buoyant force exerted by water (upthrust) is less than the weight of the nail, causing it to sink rather than float.

    The iron nail sinks in water because its density is greater than that of water. The buoyant force exerted by water (upthrust) is less than the weight of the nail, causing it to sink rather than float.

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  3. Fluids exert pressure in a container by applying force perpendicular to the container walls. This pressure, caused by the fluid's weight and molecular motion, acts equally in all directions at a given depth, following Pascal's principle.

    Fluids exert pressure in a container by applying force perpendicular to the container walls. This pressure, caused by the fluid’s weight and molecular motion, acts equally in all directions at a given depth, following Pascal’s principle.

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  4. In a confined mass of fluid, the pressure applied at any point is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid. This principle, known as Pascal's law, ensures uniform pressure distribution within the fluid.

    In a confined mass of fluid, the pressure applied at any point is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid. This principle, known as Pascal’s law, ensures uniform pressure distribution within the fluid.

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