The main types of pathogens that cause diseases in plants are bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
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Organic farming differs from conventional farming by avoiding synthetic chemicals and maximizing the use of organic inputs like manure and bio-agents, promoting soil health and biodiversity while reducing environmental harm.
It is important to manage the use of pesticides carefully to avoid their harmful effects on plant and animal species and to prevent environmental pollution.
Excessive use of pesticides can be poisonous to many plant and animal species and cause environmental pollution.
Pesticides are commonly sprayed on crop plants or used for treating seeds and soil.
Summer ploughing involves ploughing fields deep in the summer to destroy weeds and pests by exposing them to high temperatures and sunlight, which can kill them.
Intercropping helps in weed control by creating competition for weeds, making it harder for them to establish and grow.
Preventive methods for weed control include proper seed bed preparation, timely sowing of crops, intercropping, and crop rotation.
One mechanical method of weed control mentioned is mechanical removal.
Bio-agents like blue-green algae for biofertilizers and neem leaves or turmeric for bio-pesticides provide natural alternatives for nutrient supplementation and pest management while minimizing environmental impact.