1. Before Galileo and Newton's theories, the prevailing belief was that rest is the "natural state" of an object. This was based on observations that objects, like a ball, would eventually stop moving after being set in motion, suggesting they naturally come to rest.

    Before Galileo and Newton’s theories, the prevailing belief was that rest is the “natural state” of an object. This was based on observations that objects, like a ball, would eventually stop moving after being set in motion, suggesting they naturally come to rest.

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  2. We typically describe the effort needed to change an object’s state of motion as a force. This force is applied through actions like pushing, pulling, or hitting, which cause the object to accelerate, decelerate, or change direction.

    We typically describe the effort needed to change an object’s state of motion as a force. This force is applied through actions like pushing, pulling, or hitting, which cause the object to accelerate, decelerate, or change direction.

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  3. In our everyday life, applying a force is required to put a stationary object into motion or to stop a moving object. This force can be exerted through actions such as pushing, pulling, or hitting the object.

    In our everyday life, applying a force is required to put a stationary object into motion or to stop a moving object. This force can be exerted through actions such as pushing, pulling, or hitting the object.

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  4. Observations of a ball not moving forever after a small hit suggested that rest is the natural state of an object because the ball would eventually stop, implying it tends to remain at rest unless continuously acted upon by a force, aligning with the early belief in natural motion.

    Observations of a ball not moving forever after a small hit suggested that rest is the natural state of an object because the ball would eventually stop, implying it tends to remain at rest unless continuously acted upon by a force, aligning with the early belief in natural motion.

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  5. Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton developed a new approach to understanding motion that differed from the earlier belief about an object's natural state, establishing the principles of inertia and the laws of motion.

    Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton developed a new approach to understanding motion that differed from the earlier belief about an object’s natural state, establishing the principles of inertia and the laws of motion.

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