1. In a confined mass of fluid, the pressure is transmitted equally in all directions. According to Pascal's principle, any change in pressure applied to the fluid is uniformly distributed throughout the fluid.

    In a confined mass of fluid, the pressure is transmitted equally in all directions. According to Pascal’s principle, any change in pressure applied to the fluid is uniformly distributed throughout the fluid.

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  2. Fluids exert pressure in a container by the random motion of their molecules, which collide with the container walls. These collisions generate force per unit area, resulting in pressure uniformly distributed on the walls.

    Fluids exert pressure in a container by the random motion of their molecules, which collide with the container walls. These collisions generate force per unit area, resulting in pressure uniformly distributed on the walls.

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  3. A solid exerts pressure on a surface through the force of its weight distributed over the contact area. The pressure is calculated as the force divided by the area, with the force acting perpendicular to the surface.

    A solid exerts pressure on a surface through the force of its weight distributed over the contact area. The pressure is calculated as the force divided by the area, with the force acting perpendicular to the surface.

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  4. All liquids and gases share the characteristic of being fluids, which means they can flow and conform to the shape of their containers. Their molecules are not fixed in place, allowing them to move freely.

    All liquids and gases share the characteristic of being fluids, which means they can flow and conform to the shape of their containers. Their molecules are not fixed in place, allowing them to move freely.

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  5. To keep the bottle completely immersed in water, ensure it is weighted or attached to a sinker. Alternatively, remove air from the bottle by filling it with water, or use a clamp to hold it below the surface.

    To keep the bottle completely immersed in water, ensure it is weighted or attached to a sinker. Alternatively, remove air from the bottle by filling it with water, or use a clamp to hold it below the surface.

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