Coal forms from deceased vegetation through a gradual process known as "coalification." Here's an overview: 1. Peat Formation: Dead plant matter, like trees and ferns, accumulates in waterlogged areas like swamps. Under anaerobic conditions, the plants partially decompose, forming a layer of peat ovRead more
Coal forms from deceased vegetation through a gradual process known as “coalification.” Here’s an overview:
1. Peat Formation: Dead plant matter, like trees and ferns, accumulates in waterlogged areas like swamps. Under anaerobic conditions, the plants partially decompose, forming a layer of peat over time.
2. Burial and Compression: Sediment layers gradually cover the peat, subjecting it to increasing pressure from the layers above. This pressure compresses the peat, expelling water and gases, transforming it into lignite, a soft brown coal.
3. Heat and Pressure Transformation: Deeper burial and geological forces exert more heat and pressure on the lignite. This process expels more moisture and volatile matter, causing further compression and chemical changes. This results in sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, and eventually anthracite, a harder, glossy coal with higher carbon content.
The process of coalification spans millions of years, gradually transforming organic matter into coal due to geological forces. This progression leads to various types of coal distinguished by their carbon content and characteristics.
Coke, a product derived from heating bituminous coal or coal blends in the absence of air, possesses distinct characteristics and serves various purposes: Characteristics: 1. Porosity: It exhibits a porous structure due to the elimination of volatile components during its production, rendering it liRead more
Coke, a product derived from heating bituminous coal or coal blends in the absence of air, possesses distinct characteristics and serves various purposes:
Characteristics:
1. Porosity: It exhibits a porous structure due to the elimination of volatile components during its production, rendering it lightweight and porous.
2. High Carbon Content: Comprised largely of carbon, coke represents a relatively pure form of carbon after the removal of volatile elements.
3. Exceptional Heat Resistance: Its excellent heat resistance makes it ideal for high-temperature applications without compromising its structural integrity.
4. Low Moisture and Ash Content: Coke typically has minimal moisture and ash content, making it advantageous for industrial uses.
Uses:
1. Metallurgical Industry: Mainly used as a fuel and a reducing agent in iron and steel production, providing high heat and serving as a source of carbon in smelting processes.
2. Fuel Source: Employed in various industries for its high heat output, including cement manufacturing and other processes requiring intense heat.
3. Chemical Industry: Utilized in chemical manufacturing and in processes demanding high temperatures, such as the production of calcium carbide.
4. Domestic Heating: In some areas, coke is utilized for household heating purposes, akin to coal.
Coke’s valuable properties make it essential in industries necessitating high heat and carbon content, particularly in steelmaking where its high purity and heat output play vital roles. Its versatility as a fuel and a reducing agent underscores its significance across various industrial applications.
Petroleum, a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, originates from a prolonged geological process spanning millions of years. Here's a step-by-step explanation of petroleum formation: 1. Organic Material Accumulation: It commences with the accumulation of organic remnants, predominantly microscopic marinRead more
Petroleum, a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, originates from a prolonged geological process spanning millions of years. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of petroleum formation:
1. Organic Material Accumulation: It commences with the accumulation of organic remnants, predominantly microscopic marine organisms like plankton and algae, settling in ancient seas or lakes. As these organisms die, their residues sink to the ocean floor, forming layers of organic-rich sediment.
2. Anaerobic Conditions: Buried under layers of sediment, the organic matter experiences anaerobic conditions deep within the Earth’s crust, preventing complete decay and preserving the organic material.
3. Heat and Pressure Transformation: Over time, the increasing weight of sediment layers subjects the organic matter to mounting heat and pressure. This process, called diagenesis, converts the organic material into a waxy substance known as kerogen.
4. Further Changes: With geological processes and increasing depth, the kerogen undergoes additional heat and pressure, termed catagenesis. This transformation leads to the conversion of kerogen into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons.
5. Migration and Trapping: The generated hydrocarbons, comprising oil and natural gas, migrate through porous rock layers until they reach impermeable barriers, where they accumulate and form reservoirs due to geological formations like folds or faults.
6. Reservoir Formation: Over time, these accumulated hydrocarbons create underground reservoirs. Lighter components, such as natural gas, gather at higher levels, while heavier elements like crude oil settle at lower levels.
The process of petroleum formation involves the gradual accumulation, burial, alteration, and migration of organic matter, ultimately resulting in the creation of petroleum reserves underground. These reserves serve as essential sources for fuel production, industrial applications, and various other uses crucial to modern society.
Combustion, a chemical process yielding heat and often light, necessitates specific conditions to occur: 1. Presence of Fuel: A combustible substance, like gas, wood, or oil, must be available. 2. Availability of Oxygen: Adequate oxygen, usually obtained from the air, is essential for the combustionRead more
Combustion, a chemical process yielding heat and often light, necessitates specific conditions to occur:
1. Presence of Fuel: A combustible substance, like gas, wood, or oil, must be available.
2. Availability of Oxygen: Adequate oxygen, usually obtained from the air, is essential for the combustion process.
3. Ignition Source: An initial heat source, like a spark or flame, is necessary to start the combustion reaction.
4. Combustion Temperature: The fuel must attain its ignition temperature, also called the kindling point, to sustain combustion independently.
5. Continuous Heat Supply: Sustained combustion requires an ongoing heat supply, either from the initial ignition or the reaction itself, to maintain necessary temperatures.
6. Proper Fuel-Oxygen Mixing: Efficient combustion demands proper mixing of fuel and oxygen to facilitate the chemical reaction.
These conditions, when adequately met, facilitate combustion, allowing the fuel to react with oxygen, producing heat, light, and combustion products like water vapor and carbon dioxide.
The integration of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a fuel for automobiles has notably curtailed pollution in cities due to several key factors: 1. Emission Reduction: CNG exhibits cleaner combustion compared to conventional fuels like petrol or diesel. It significantly diminishes the release of harmRead more
The integration of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a fuel for automobiles has notably curtailed pollution in cities due to several key factors:
1. Emission Reduction: CNG exhibits cleaner combustion compared to conventional fuels like petrol or diesel. It significantly diminishes the release of harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) during the combustion process.
2. Lower Carbon Footprint: CNG contains fewer carbon atoms per unit of energy, leading to lower emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂), a major contributor to greenhouse gases causing global warming.
3. Minimal Particulate Matter: CNG combustion generates minimal particulate matter, aiding in reducing air pollution and associated health hazards posed by fine particle inhalation.
4. Decreased Nitrogen Oxides: CNG engines produce lower emissions of nitrogen oxides, crucial components contributing to smog formation and respiratory problems.
5. Infrastructure Availability: CNG has a well-established refueling infrastructure in many urban areas, facilitating its widespread adoption in vehicles.
6. Noise Mitigation: CNG-powered engines tend to operate with reduced noise levels compared to diesel engines, contributing to diminished noise pollution.
7. Government Initiatives: Various governments have encouraged the adoption of CNG vehicles by offering subsidies, tax benefits, and enacting regulations aimed at combatting pollution.
The incorporation of CNG in automobiles has resulted in a noticeable decline in harmful emissions and improved air quality in urban centers. Nonetheless, while CNG vehicles offer environmental benefits, it’s important to consider the entire lifecycle impact, encompassing fuel production and distribution, for a comprehensive evaluation of their environmental footprint.
Given: – Initial velocity u = 0 m/s (the ball is dropped, so initial velocity is 0) – Acceleration a = 10 m/s² – Distance s = 20 m (height from which the ball is dropped) Final Velocity (when the ball strikes the ground): We can use the equation of motion to find the final velocity (v) v2 = u2 + 2asRead more
Given:
– Initial velocity u = 0 m/s (the ball is dropped, so initial velocity is 0)
– Acceleration a = 10 m/s²
– Distance s = 20 m (height from which the ball is dropped)
Final Velocity (when the ball strikes the ground):
We can use the equation of motion to find the final velocity (v)
v2 = u2 + 2as
v2 = 0 + 2 x 10 x 20
v2 = 400
v = √400
v = 20 m/s
Hence, the ball will strike the ground with a velocity of 20 m/s.
Time taken to strike the ground:
We can use another equation of motion to find the time (t) it takes for the ball to reach the ground.
v = u + at
20 = 0 + 10 x t
t = 20/10
t = 2 s
Therefore, the ball will strike the ground after 2 seconds.
(a) An object with constant acceleration but zero velocity: Possible. Example - A ball thrown upwards momentarily stops at the highest point of its trajectory due to gravity, having zero velocity while experiencing constant acceleration. (b) An object moving with acceleration perpendicular to its diRead more
(a) An object with constant acceleration but zero velocity: Possible. Example – A ball thrown upwards momentarily stops at the highest point of its trajectory due to gravity, having zero velocity while experiencing constant acceleration.
(b) An object moving with acceleration perpendicular to its direction: Possible. Example – A car moving eastwards turns left, experiencing centripetal acceleration perpendicular to its velocity, enabling circular motion.
To find the speed of the artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit around the Earth, we can use the formula relating the circumference of the orbit to the time taken for one revolution. The formula for the circumference of a circle is 2 x π x radius Given: - Radius of the orbit r = 42250 km -Read more
To find the speed of the artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit around the Earth, we can use the formula relating the circumference of the orbit to the time taken for one revolution.
The formula for the circumference of a circle is 2 x π x radius
Given:
– Radius of the orbit r = 42250 km
– Time taken for one revolution T = 24 hours
Calculations:
The circumference of the circular orbit:
Circumference = 2 x π x radius = 2 x π x 42250 km
The speed of the satellite is given by the formula:
Speed = Circumference / Time taken for one revolution
First, let’s convert the time from hours to seconds because the speed is usually measured in distance per unit time in seconds.
Given: 1 hour = 3600 seconds
Time taken for one revolution in seconds = 24 hours 3600 seconds/hour = 86400 seconds
Now, calculate the speed:
Speed = (2 x π x 42250 km) / (86400 seconds)
Speed ≈ (2 x 3.1416 x 42250 km) / (86400 seconds)
Speed ≈ 265258 km) / (86400 seconds)
Speed ≈ 3.07 km/s
Therefore, the speed of the artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit of radius 42250 km, taking 24 hours to revolve around the Earth, is approximately 3.07 kilometers per second.
To plot the speed versus time graphs for the two cars, we'll first convert the speeds from km/h to m/s (since the time is given in seconds) and then illustrate the deceleration of the cars. Given: - Car 1: Initial speed v1 = 52 km/h, Time to stop t1 = 5 s - Car 2: Initial speed v2 = 3 km/h, Time toRead more
To plot the speed versus time graphs for the two cars, we’ll first convert the speeds from km/h to m/s (since the time is given in seconds) and then illustrate the deceleration of the cars.
Given:
– Car 1: Initial speed v1 = 52 km/h, Time to stop t1 = 5 s
– Car 2: Initial speed v2 = 3 km/h, Time to stop t2 = 10 s
Converting speeds to m/s:
– Car 1: v1 = 52km/h = ((52 x 1000) x (3600)) m/s ≈ 14.44 m/s
– Car 2: v2 = 3km/h = ((3 x 1000) x (3600))m/s}\) ≈ 0.83 m/s
Now, let’s plot the speed versus time graphs for both cars:
Graph:
– Car 1 (Deceleration):
– Starts at 14.44 m/s
– Decelerates uniformly until 0 m/s in 5 seconds.
– Car 2 (Deceleration):
– Starts at 0.83 m/s
– Decelerates uniformly until 0 m/s in 10 seconds.
The area under the speed-time graph represents the distance covered.
– Car 1’s Area: 1/2 x (initial speed + final speed) x time = 1/2 x (14.44m/s + 0 m/s) x 5 s = 36.1m
– Car 2’s Area: 1/2 x (initial speed + final speed) x time = 1/2 x (0.83 m/s + 0 m/s x 10 s = 4.15m
Conclusion:
Car 1, despite having a higher initial speed, covered a greater distance after the brakes were applied. Car 1 traveled approximately 36.1 meters, while Car 2 covered approximately 4.15 meters before coming to a stop.
Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?
Coal forms from deceased vegetation through a gradual process known as "coalification." Here's an overview: 1. Peat Formation: Dead plant matter, like trees and ferns, accumulates in waterlogged areas like swamps. Under anaerobic conditions, the plants partially decompose, forming a layer of peat ovRead more
Coal forms from deceased vegetation through a gradual process known as “coalification.” Here’s an overview:
1. Peat Formation: Dead plant matter, like trees and ferns, accumulates in waterlogged areas like swamps. Under anaerobic conditions, the plants partially decompose, forming a layer of peat over time.
2. Burial and Compression: Sediment layers gradually cover the peat, subjecting it to increasing pressure from the layers above. This pressure compresses the peat, expelling water and gases, transforming it into lignite, a soft brown coal.
3. Heat and Pressure Transformation: Deeper burial and geological forces exert more heat and pressure on the lignite. This process expels more moisture and volatile matter, causing further compression and chemical changes. This results in sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, and eventually anthracite, a harder, glossy coal with higher carbon content.
The process of coalification spans millions of years, gradually transforming organic matter into coal due to geological forces. This progression leads to various types of coal distinguished by their carbon content and characteristics.
See lessDescribe characteristics and uses of coke.
Coke, a product derived from heating bituminous coal or coal blends in the absence of air, possesses distinct characteristics and serves various purposes: Characteristics: 1. Porosity: It exhibits a porous structure due to the elimination of volatile components during its production, rendering it liRead more
Coke, a product derived from heating bituminous coal or coal blends in the absence of air, possesses distinct characteristics and serves various purposes:
Characteristics:
1. Porosity: It exhibits a porous structure due to the elimination of volatile components during its production, rendering it lightweight and porous.
2. High Carbon Content: Comprised largely of carbon, coke represents a relatively pure form of carbon after the removal of volatile elements.
3. Exceptional Heat Resistance: Its excellent heat resistance makes it ideal for high-temperature applications without compromising its structural integrity.
4. Low Moisture and Ash Content: Coke typically has minimal moisture and ash content, making it advantageous for industrial uses.
Uses:
1. Metallurgical Industry: Mainly used as a fuel and a reducing agent in iron and steel production, providing high heat and serving as a source of carbon in smelting processes.
2. Fuel Source: Employed in various industries for its high heat output, including cement manufacturing and other processes requiring intense heat.
3. Chemical Industry: Utilized in chemical manufacturing and in processes demanding high temperatures, such as the production of calcium carbide.
4. Domestic Heating: In some areas, coke is utilized for household heating purposes, akin to coal.
Coke’s valuable properties make it essential in industries necessitating high heat and carbon content, particularly in steelmaking where its high purity and heat output play vital roles. Its versatility as a fuel and a reducing agent underscores its significance across various industrial applications.
See lessExplain the process of formation of petroleum.
Petroleum, a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, originates from a prolonged geological process spanning millions of years. Here's a step-by-step explanation of petroleum formation: 1. Organic Material Accumulation: It commences with the accumulation of organic remnants, predominantly microscopic marinRead more
Petroleum, a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, originates from a prolonged geological process spanning millions of years. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of petroleum formation:
1. Organic Material Accumulation: It commences with the accumulation of organic remnants, predominantly microscopic marine organisms like plankton and algae, settling in ancient seas or lakes. As these organisms die, their residues sink to the ocean floor, forming layers of organic-rich sediment.
2. Anaerobic Conditions: Buried under layers of sediment, the organic matter experiences anaerobic conditions deep within the Earth’s crust, preventing complete decay and preserving the organic material.
3. Heat and Pressure Transformation: Over time, the increasing weight of sediment layers subjects the organic matter to mounting heat and pressure. This process, called diagenesis, converts the organic material into a waxy substance known as kerogen.
4. Further Changes: With geological processes and increasing depth, the kerogen undergoes additional heat and pressure, termed catagenesis. This transformation leads to the conversion of kerogen into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons.
5. Migration and Trapping: The generated hydrocarbons, comprising oil and natural gas, migrate through porous rock layers until they reach impermeable barriers, where they accumulate and form reservoirs due to geological formations like folds or faults.
6. Reservoir Formation: Over time, these accumulated hydrocarbons create underground reservoirs. Lighter components, such as natural gas, gather at higher levels, while heavier elements like crude oil settle at lower levels.
The process of petroleum formation involves the gradual accumulation, burial, alteration, and migration of organic matter, ultimately resulting in the creation of petroleum reserves underground. These reserves serve as essential sources for fuel production, industrial applications, and various other uses crucial to modern society.
See lessList conditions under which combustion can take place.
Combustion, a chemical process yielding heat and often light, necessitates specific conditions to occur: 1. Presence of Fuel: A combustible substance, like gas, wood, or oil, must be available. 2. Availability of Oxygen: Adequate oxygen, usually obtained from the air, is essential for the combustionRead more
Combustion, a chemical process yielding heat and often light, necessitates specific conditions to occur:
1. Presence of Fuel: A combustible substance, like gas, wood, or oil, must be available.
2. Availability of Oxygen: Adequate oxygen, usually obtained from the air, is essential for the combustion process.
3. Ignition Source: An initial heat source, like a spark or flame, is necessary to start the combustion reaction.
4. Combustion Temperature: The fuel must attain its ignition temperature, also called the kindling point, to sustain combustion independently.
5. Continuous Heat Supply: Sustained combustion requires an ongoing heat supply, either from the initial ignition or the reaction itself, to maintain necessary temperatures.
6. Proper Fuel-Oxygen Mixing: Efficient combustion demands proper mixing of fuel and oxygen to facilitate the chemical reaction.
These conditions, when adequately met, facilitate combustion, allowing the fuel to react with oxygen, producing heat, light, and combustion products like water vapor and carbon dioxide.
See lessExplain how the use of CNG in automobiles has reduced pollution in our cities.
The integration of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a fuel for automobiles has notably curtailed pollution in cities due to several key factors: 1. Emission Reduction: CNG exhibits cleaner combustion compared to conventional fuels like petrol or diesel. It significantly diminishes the release of harmRead more
The integration of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a fuel for automobiles has notably curtailed pollution in cities due to several key factors:
1. Emission Reduction: CNG exhibits cleaner combustion compared to conventional fuels like petrol or diesel. It significantly diminishes the release of harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) during the combustion process.
2. Lower Carbon Footprint: CNG contains fewer carbon atoms per unit of energy, leading to lower emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂), a major contributor to greenhouse gases causing global warming.
3. Minimal Particulate Matter: CNG combustion generates minimal particulate matter, aiding in reducing air pollution and associated health hazards posed by fine particle inhalation.
4. Decreased Nitrogen Oxides: CNG engines produce lower emissions of nitrogen oxides, crucial components contributing to smog formation and respiratory problems.
5. Infrastructure Availability: CNG has a well-established refueling infrastructure in many urban areas, facilitating its widespread adoption in vehicles.
6. Noise Mitigation: CNG-powered engines tend to operate with reduced noise levels compared to diesel engines, contributing to diminished noise pollution.
7. Government Initiatives: Various governments have encouraged the adoption of CNG vehicles by offering subsidies, tax benefits, and enacting regulations aimed at combatting pollution.
The incorporation of CNG in automobiles has resulted in a noticeable decline in harmful emissions and improved air quality in urban centers. Nonetheless, while CNG vehicles offer environmental benefits, it’s important to consider the entire lifecycle impact, encompassing fuel production and distribution, for a comprehensive evaluation of their environmental footprint.
See lessA ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 m. If its velocity increases uniformly at the rate of 10 m s-2, with what velocity will it strike the ground? After what time will it strike the ground?
Given: – Initial velocity u = 0 m/s (the ball is dropped, so initial velocity is 0) – Acceleration a = 10 m/s² – Distance s = 20 m (height from which the ball is dropped) Final Velocity (when the ball strikes the ground): We can use the equation of motion to find the final velocity (v) v2 = u2 + 2asRead more
Given:
– Initial velocity u = 0 m/s (the ball is dropped, so initial velocity is 0)
– Acceleration a = 10 m/s²
– Distance s = 20 m (height from which the ball is dropped)
Final Velocity (when the ball strikes the ground):
We can use the equation of motion to find the final velocity (v)
v2 = u2 + 2as
v2 = 0 + 2 x 10 x 20
v2 = 400
v = √400
v = 20 m/s
Hence, the ball will strike the ground with a velocity of 20 m/s.
Time taken to strike the ground:
We can use another equation of motion to find the time (t) it takes for the ball to reach the ground.
v = u + at
See less20 = 0 + 10 x t
t = 20/10
t = 2 s
Therefore, the ball will strike the ground after 2 seconds.
State which of the following situations are possible and give an example for each of these:
(a) An object with constant acceleration but zero velocity: Possible. Example - A ball thrown upwards momentarily stops at the highest point of its trajectory due to gravity, having zero velocity while experiencing constant acceleration. (b) An object moving with acceleration perpendicular to its diRead more
(a) An object with constant acceleration but zero velocity: Possible. Example – A ball thrown upwards momentarily stops at the highest point of its trajectory due to gravity, having zero velocity while experiencing constant acceleration.
(b) An object moving with acceleration perpendicular to its direction: Possible. Example – A car moving eastwards turns left, experiencing centripetal acceleration perpendicular to its velocity, enabling circular motion.
See lessAn artificial satellite is moving in a circular orbit of radius 42250 km. Calculate its speed if it takes 24 hours to revolve around the earth.
To find the speed of the artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit around the Earth, we can use the formula relating the circumference of the orbit to the time taken for one revolution. The formula for the circumference of a circle is 2 x π x radius Given: - Radius of the orbit r = 42250 km -Read more
To find the speed of the artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit around the Earth, we can use the formula relating the circumference of the orbit to the time taken for one revolution.
The formula for the circumference of a circle is 2 x π x radius
Given:
– Radius of the orbit r = 42250 km
– Time taken for one revolution T = 24 hours
Calculations:
The circumference of the circular orbit:
Circumference = 2 x π x radius = 2 x π x 42250 km
The speed of the satellite is given by the formula:
Speed = Circumference / Time taken for one revolution
First, let’s convert the time from hours to seconds because the speed is usually measured in distance per unit time in seconds.
Given: 1 hour = 3600 seconds
Time taken for one revolution in seconds = 24 hours 3600 seconds/hour = 86400 seconds
Now, calculate the speed:
Speed = (2 x π x 42250 km) / (86400 seconds)
Speed ≈ (2 x 3.1416 x 42250 km) / (86400 seconds)
Speed ≈ 265258 km) / (86400 seconds)
Speed ≈ 3.07 km/s
Therefore, the speed of the artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit of radius 42250 km, taking 24 hours to revolve around the Earth, is approximately 3.07 kilometers per second.
See lessA driver of a car travelling at 52 km h–1 applies the brakes and accelerates uniformly in the opposite direction. The car stops in 5 s. Another driver going at 3 km h–1 in another car applies his brakes slowly and stops in 10 s. On the same graph paper, plot the speed versus time graphs for the two cars. Which of the two cars travelled farther after the brakes were applied?
To plot the speed versus time graphs for the two cars, we'll first convert the speeds from km/h to m/s (since the time is given in seconds) and then illustrate the deceleration of the cars. Given: - Car 1: Initial speed v1 = 52 km/h, Time to stop t1 = 5 s - Car 2: Initial speed v2 = 3 km/h, Time toRead more
To plot the speed versus time graphs for the two cars, we’ll first convert the speeds from km/h to m/s (since the time is given in seconds) and then illustrate the deceleration of the cars.
Given:
– Car 1: Initial speed v1 = 52 km/h, Time to stop t1 = 5 s
– Car 2: Initial speed v2 = 3 km/h, Time to stop t2 = 10 s
Converting speeds to m/s:
– Car 1: v1 = 52km/h = ((52 x 1000) x (3600)) m/s ≈ 14.44 m/s
– Car 2: v2 = 3km/h = ((3 x 1000) x (3600))m/s}\) ≈ 0.83 m/s
Now, let’s plot the speed versus time graphs for both cars:
Graph:
– Car 1 (Deceleration):
– Starts at 14.44 m/s
– Decelerates uniformly until 0 m/s in 5 seconds.
– Car 2 (Deceleration):
– Starts at 0.83 m/s
– Decelerates uniformly until 0 m/s in 10 seconds.
The area under the speed-time graph represents the distance covered.
– Car 1’s Area: 1/2 x (initial speed + final speed) x time = 1/2 x (14.44m/s + 0 m/s) x 5 s = 36.1m
– Car 2’s Area: 1/2 x (initial speed + final speed) x time = 1/2 x (0.83 m/s + 0 m/s x 10 s = 4.15m
Conclusion:
See lessCar 1, despite having a higher initial speed, covered a greater distance after the brakes were applied. Car 1 traveled approximately 36.1 meters, while Car 2 covered approximately 4.15 meters before coming to a stop.