The Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daulah in Agra was commissioned by Empress Nur Jahan for her father, Mirza Ghiyas Beg (who held the title Itmad-ud-Daulah), between 1622 and 1628. This monument is celebrated as the earliest example of a purely white marble ...
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The ‘Akbarnama’ (Book of Akbar) was written by Abul Fazl, Emperor Akbar’s close friend and chief court chronicler. This massive, detailed history of Akbar’s reign is composed in elegant Persian and is divided into three volumes, with the third volume ...
Bhimsen Saxena Kayastha was the author of the historical text ‘Nuskhah-i-Dilkusha’ (The Delights of the Heart) during the time of Aurangzeb. Bhimsen served as a Mughal official in the Deccan and his memoir provides a crucial, semi-official and detailed perspective ...
Ziauddin Barani’s Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi is the most detailed and reliable account of Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s administrative failures. Barani criticizes his experiments such as token currency, capital shift and harsh taxation. The text provides firsthand insight into the Sultan’s ambitious but ...
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq reversed Alauddin Khalji’s strict agrarian policies by restoring land to hereditary holders like khuts and muqaddams. He believed leniency would improve loyalty and agricultural productivity. This softened administrative pressure but weakened the firm controls established earlier. ANSWER: (A) ...