The ‘Bargigiri’ (guerrilla warfare) system was first and most effectively utilized by Malik Ambar, the Abyssinian Peshwa of the Ahmednagar Sultanate. He employed light Maratha cavalry to repeatedly defeat and frustrate the massive Mughal armies of Akbar and Jahangir. Shivaji ...
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Marathas first gained significant administrative and military experience by serving under the Deccan Sultanates, primarily Ahmednagar and Bijapur. Shivaji’s father, Shahaji Bhonsle, was a high-ranking official under Bijapur. This service provided the Maratha nobility with crucial knowledge of revenue administration, ...
Akbar formally started the ‘Din-i-Ilahi’ (Divine Faith) in 1582. This was not a religion but a syncretic socio-religious order based on the principles discussed in the Ibadat Khana. It emphasized virtues like non-violence and purity, with membership restricted to a ...
The European traveler Peter Mundy, an English merchant and writer, came to India during the reign of Shah Jahan (1628–1658). He provided valuable first-hand accounts of the Mughal court and the devastating Deccan famine of 1630–1632. Hawkins and Roe visited ...
The emperor of India at the time of the formation of the British East India Company (EIC) in London on December 31, 1600, was Akbar. He ruled until 1605. The EIC’s first ambassador, William Hawkins, however, arrived in India during ...