Shivaji assumed the title of ‘Chhatrapati’ and had his coronation ceremony on June 6, 1674 AD. This event at Raigad was paramount, formally establishing the Maratha kingdom as a sovereign, independent Hindu state and giving Shivaji the legal and religious ...
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The title of ‘Raja’ was conferred upon Shivaji by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. This title was granted in the 1660s by the Emperor’s order, though likely mediated by Raja Jai Singh I. While Shivaji later took the higher title of ...
The member of Shivaji’s Ashtapradhan who looked after foreign affairs was the Sumant, also known as the Dabir. His duties included advising the Chhatrapati on relations with other states organizing foreign intelligence and handling diplomatic correspondence, ensuring effective communication with ...
After the chaos following Sambhaji’s death, Balaji Vishwanath, the first of the great Peshwas, made the Maratha administration simple and effective. Appointed by Shahu in 1713, he stabilized the revenue system, gained the allegiance of Maratha Sardars and centralized power, ...
Shivaji appeared at Aurangzeb’s court in Agra in 1666 AD. This visit was a consequence of the Treaty of Purandar (1665), where he was compelled to accept Mughal service. Shivaji’s subsequent confinement and spectacular escape cemented his status as a ...