The ‘Akbarnama’ (Book of Akbar) was written by Abul Fazl, Emperor Akbar’s close friend and chief court chronicler. This massive, detailed history of Akbar’s reign is composed in elegant Persian and is divided into three volumes, with the third volume ...
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Bhimsen Saxena Kayastha was the author of the historical text ‘Nuskhah-i-Dilkusha’ (The Delights of the Heart) during the time of Aurangzeb. Bhimsen served as a Mughal official in the Deccan and his memoir provides a crucial, semi-official and detailed perspective ...
Ziauddin Barani’s Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi is the most detailed and reliable account of Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s administrative failures. Barani criticizes his experiments such as token currency, capital shift and harsh taxation. The text provides firsthand insight into the Sultan’s ambitious but ...
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq reversed Alauddin Khalji’s strict agrarian policies by restoring land to hereditary holders like khuts and muqaddams. He believed leniency would improve loyalty and agricultural productivity. This softened administrative pressure but weakened the firm controls established earlier. ANSWER: (A) ...
The Diwan-e-Mustakhraj was established to recover outstanding land revenue and dues that officials failed to collect. It supervised corrupt or negligent revenue officers and punished defaulting zamindars. This department helped restore financial stability during periods of revenue shortages. ANSWER: (B) ...