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Ayushree

The reign of Shah Jahan (1628–1658) is called the ‘Age of Marble’. This is due to his preference for white marble over the red sandstone of his predecessors and the vast scale of his architectural patronage, which produced masterpieces like ...

Ayushree

The Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daulah in Agra is the first Mughal building constructed entirely of white marble and the first to extensively use the Pietra Dura technique for surface decoration. Built by Nur Jahan for her father (Itmad-ud-Daulah, who was Mirza ...

Ayushree

Shivaji transferred forts to the Mughals by the Treaty of Purandar in 1665 AD. Forced to sign by the Mughal General Raja Jai Singh I, the treaty compelled Shivaji to surrender 23 of his 35 forts and accept service under ...

Ayushree

Shivaji’s formal coronation, where he assumed the title of ‘Chhatrapati’ (Supreme Sovereign), was held in 1674 AD at the Raigad Fort. This ceremony, performed by the celebrated scholar Gagabhatta of Kashi, was a highly significant political and religious event that ...

Ayushree

The Portuguese were the European power that provided Shivaji with cannons and ammunition. Shivaji often had diplomatic and military dealings with the Portuguese at Goa and Daman. While he also engaged with the English, the Portuguese were a significant source ...