The Maratha dynasty rulers collected the tax known as ‘Chauth’. This levy, amounting to one-fourth (25%) of the revenue, was demanded from territories outside the Maratha kingdom’s direct control. It was both a major source of income and a de ...
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‘Sardeshmukhi’ constituted 10% of the revenue. Shivaji collected this levy based on his claim to be the hereditary Sardeshmukh (chief headman) of the Maratha territory. It was primarily a claim of paramountcy or sovereign right, distinguished from Chauth, which was ...
The permanent cavalry during the Maratha period was called Paga (or Bargir). The horses and equipment were provided by the state and the troopers received fixed pay. The temporary cavalry, who supplied their own horses and were paid less regularly, ...
All of the options are true regarding Shivaji’s land revenue system. He set the initial tax at 33%, later raising it to 40%. He opposed intermediaries like Zamindars and adopted the Ryotwari system (direct collection from the cultivators). He also ...
In Shivaji’s Ashtapradhan, the ‘Sar-e-Naubat’ (also Senapati) meant the Commander-in-Chief. He was responsible for the recruitment, discipline and organization of the Maratha army. Critically, the Sar-e-Naubat was primarily a military officer and had no civil authority, ensuring military power remained ...