Atoms react in order to achieve an octet in their outermost shell, either by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons with other atoms.
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An outermost shell possessing eight electrons is said to possess an octet.
It was explained as an attempt to attain a fully-filled outermost shell.
Aluminium has a valency of three, as it contains three electrons in its outermost shell.
Magnesium has two electrons in its outermost shell.