The delta region of the eastern coast faces frequent cyclones due to various factors. Its proximity to the Bay of Bengal exposes it to cyclones originating from warm ocean waters. Low-lying terrain and flat topography make delta areas, like the Ganges-Brahmaputra and Godavari deltas, susceptible to storm surges and flooding during cyclones. The confluence of rivers and the deltaic formation further exacerbates the region’s vulnerability, leading to frequent cyclone impacts and significant damage along the eastern coast.

Regional climatic variations in India:
1. Northern Plains:
– Hot summers and cold winters.
– Example: Delhi experiences temperatures above 40°C in summer and below 5°C in winter.

2. Western Coast:
– Tropical wet climate with heavy monsoon rainfall.
– Example: Kerala receives abundant rainfall fostering lush greenery.

3. Eastern Coast:
– Tropical wet and dry climate with significant monsoon rainfall.
– Example: Chennai witnesses moderate to heavy rainfall during the northeast monsoon.

4. Northern Mountains:
– Alpine climate with snowy winters in higher altitudes.
– Example: Shimla in Himachal Pradesh experiences snowfall in winter and mild summers.

5. Western Deserts:
– Arid conditions with minimal rainfall.
– Example: Rajasthan faces scorching summers and desert landscapes due to low rainfall.

These regional differences in climate arise from geographical factors, monsoonal influences, and proximity to water bodies, leading to diverse weather patterns across India.

Monsoon rainfall in India occurs from June to September (southwest monsoon) and October to December (northeast monsoon). It brings intense and widespread precipitation, crucial for agriculture, contributing 70-80% of the annual rainfall. Geographically varied, heavier rainfall is observed in regions like the Western Ghats and coastal areas. Beneficial for agriculture, it supports crop growth and influences food production and prices. However, excessive rainfall can lead to floods, impacting crops, infrastructure, and daily life.

Liberalization of trade and investment policies has helped globalization in several ways:

1. Increased Trade: By reducing barriers like tariffs and quotas, countries can trade more freely, leading to a rise in the exchange of goods and services globally.

2. Foreign Investment: Easier investment rules attract more foreign companies, creating jobs and bringing in new technologies and expertise.

3. Competition and Efficiency: Companies strive to become better to compete globally, which results in better products, improved services, and competitive prices.

4. Economic Specialization: Countries focus on producing what they do best, leading to more efficient use of resources and better allocation of production.

5. Technology Sharing: Open policies encourage the exchange of technology and knowledge worldwide, resulting in global technological advancements.

6. Economic Growth: Liberalization often leads to economic growth, providing opportunities for countries to participate in global markets, attract investments, and develop their economies.

7. Market Expansion: Companies can access new markets and consumers worldwide, increasing their sales and market presence.

8. Potential Poverty Reduction: Economic growth from liberalization can create jobs, increase incomes, and improve living standards, potentially reducing poverty levels.

In essence, liberalization of trade and investment policies has facilitated the process of globalization by promoting global trade, enhancing competition, sharing technology, and fostering economic growth worldwide.

1. Setting up Branches or Subsidiaries: MNCs can start their own branches or subsidiaries in other countries. They build new facilities or buy existing companies to produce goods there.

2. Licensing and Franchising: MNCs give permission to local businesses in other countries to produce and sell their products using the MNC’s name and technology. The MNC keeps control over quality and standards.

3. Contract Manufacturing: MNCs hire local manufacturers in other countries to produce goods for them. This helps MNCs benefit from local expertise without owning production facilities.

4. Outsourcing: MNCs might give parts of their production work to other companies in foreign countries. For example, they might hire another company to make specific parts of their product.

5. Joint Ventures: MNCs form partnerships with local companies in other countries to work together on production. This allows them to share resources, skills, and risks.

6. Offshore Production: MNCs establish production facilities in countries where costs are lower or regulations are favorable. This helps them save money and take advantage of different conditions.

7. Supply Chain Management: MNCs control production by managing suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors across different countries to make sure everything works smoothly.

These methods allow MNCs to expand their production globally, access new markets, and benefit from different resources and expertise in various countries.